18.2- Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression Flashcards
where does transcription take place
nucleus
where does translation take place
cytoplasm
what does transcription convert
DNA- mRNA
what does translation convert
mRNA-protein
what is a codon
a group of 3 nucleotides on a strand of mRNA which codes for an amino acid
The genetic code is ____ ,____ + _____
Redundant, continuous and universal
mRNA stands for ____ and does ___
messenger protein and carries the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where there cytoplasm where proteins are made
sense strand =
the strand of DNA that isn’t transcribed for a particular gene (non coding)
What does the promoter sequence on DNA do
it tells RNA polymerase where to bind to the strand
what does RNA polymerase do
RNA polymerase are enzymes that help assemble nucleotides into strands of mRNA
Steps of transcription (6)
1) segment of DNA is copied to mRNA
2) mRNA carries code from nucleus to cytoplasm
3)Promoter sequence in DNA tells RNA polymerase where to bind
4)Section of DNA unwinds, exposing the code of both strands
5)enzymes work in 5’-3’ direction
6)RNA polymerase detaches when ‘stop’ sequence on DNA is reached
What is known as the coding strand of DNA
anti- sense strand
mRNA is created in what stage
transcription
where does translation from mRNA to proteins take place
cytoplasm
translation involves ____,____,____,+_____
mRNA
tRNA
ribosomes
amino acids
tRNA is a ____ of mRNA
anticodon
Ribosomes contain ____ RNA
robosomal (rRNA)
steps to translation (6):
1)mRNA binds to a ribosome
2)tRNA carrying met binds to mRNA to begin process
3)another tRNA (complementary to second mRNA codon) arrives and carrying its amino acid
4)peptide bonds form
5) ribosome constantly moves along mRNA strand to expose the next codon
6)process continues until a stop codon is reached
ribosomes=
the region where enzymes tRNA and mRNA come together to build the polypeptide
DNA function
store genetic information
mRNA function
carries genetic info from DNA to protein synthesis equpiment
tRNA function
carries amino acid to correct codon site in protein synthesis
rRNA
combines with a complex of proteins to form a ribosome
main structure of protein synthesis=
ribosome
genomics is the study of _____
genomes
protenomics is the study of ___
proteins produced by the genome
