18.2- Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

where does transcription take place

A

nucleus

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2
Q

where does translation take place

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

what does transcription convert

A

DNA- mRNA

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4
Q

what does translation convert

A

mRNA-protein

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5
Q

what is a codon

A

a group of 3 nucleotides on a strand of mRNA which codes for an amino acid

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6
Q

The genetic code is ____ ,____ + _____

A

Redundant, continuous and universal

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7
Q

mRNA stands for ____ and does ___

A

messenger protein and carries the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where there cytoplasm where proteins are made

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8
Q

sense strand =

A

the strand of DNA that isn’t transcribed for a particular gene (non coding)

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9
Q

What does the promoter sequence on DNA do

A

it tells RNA polymerase where to bind to the strand

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10
Q

what does RNA polymerase do

A

RNA polymerase are enzymes that help assemble nucleotides into strands of mRNA

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11
Q

Steps of transcription (6)

A

1) segment of DNA is copied to mRNA
2) mRNA carries code from nucleus to cytoplasm
3)Promoter sequence in DNA tells RNA polymerase where to bind
4)Section of DNA unwinds, exposing the code of both strands
5)enzymes work in 5’-3’ direction
6)RNA polymerase detaches when ‘stop’ sequence on DNA is reached

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12
Q

What is known as the coding strand of DNA

A

anti- sense strand

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13
Q

mRNA is created in what stage

A

transcription

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14
Q

where does translation from mRNA to proteins take place

A

cytoplasm

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15
Q

translation involves ____,____,____,+_____

A

mRNA
tRNA
ribosomes
amino acids

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16
Q

tRNA is a ____ of mRNA

A

anticodon

17
Q

Ribosomes contain ____ RNA

A

robosomal (rRNA)

18
Q

steps to translation (6):

A

1)mRNA binds to a ribosome
2)tRNA carrying met binds to mRNA to begin process
3)another tRNA (complementary to second mRNA codon) arrives and carrying its amino acid
4)peptide bonds form
5) ribosome constantly moves along mRNA strand to expose the next codon
6)process continues until a stop codon is reached

19
Q

ribosomes=

A

the region where enzymes tRNA and mRNA come together to build the polypeptide

20
Q

DNA function

A

store genetic information

21
Q

mRNA function

A

carries genetic info from DNA to protein synthesis equpiment

22
Q

tRNA function

A

carries amino acid to correct codon site in protein synthesis

23
Q

rRNA

A

combines with a complex of proteins to form a ribosome

24
Q

main structure of protein synthesis=

A

ribosome

25
Q

genomics is the study of _____

A

genomes

26
Q

protenomics is the study of ___

A

proteins produced by the genome