psychology Flashcards
define psychology
the science of human behaviour
who gave psychology a new beginning and what did he do
Wilhelm wundt
opened a lab classifying psychology as an experimental science
what was wundt interested in examining
the relationship between sensations and the affect they have on a persons judgments
what did wundt believe
the conscious mind brings together the sensations the person experiences with the feelings that are aroused
who came up with the theory of personality and what is it
Sigmund freud
unconscious thoughts and desires determine a persons attitudes and behaviors
freud beloved that the conscious mind controlled ____ and the unconscious mind controlled ____
everyday life decision making
memories, info and emotions
what came up with the iceberg analogy and what was it
Freud
only the tip of the iceberg is visible (concious mind) and the massive piece underwater is the unconscious
what is the preconscious zone
the transition are between the conscious and unconscious mind containing data
what were 3 methods Freud used to get to the unconscious mind
hypnosis
free association
dream interpretation
hypnosis=
a deeply relaxed drowsy state of mind in which the person is open to suggestions
free association=
the person “talk out” problems and the psychologists look for unusual responses using things such as word association
2 of Freuds theorys
theory of psychoanalysis
theory of personality
what does the ID control
focuses on satisfying basic needs and is closely in touch with the body
what is the libido and what does it do
the energy within the libido
focuses on the pleasure principle to reduce tension in our lives
what controls and governs the ID and superego
the ego (the mediator)
what does the ego do
developed plan of action and balances the demands of the id, superego in relation to external reality
superego controls___
what is right and wrong
what’s it called when youre a little but of an extrovert and introvert
ambiverts
what did Carl Jung popularize
the terms extroverts and introverts
what did Jung believe about the unconscious mind
it was divided into the personal unconscious and the collective unconcious
what was the personal unconscious
comes from our own past experiences that we were once aware of, but now its force of habit (eg brushing teeth)
what’s the collective unconscious
human understandings common to all mankind (eg scared of loud banging)
what do behaviorists believe
a persons inner feelings can only be known by an individual and that only their outward behaviour can be accurately measured
what do behaviourists want to focus on
behaviour and not ones inner feelings or memories
who was an early leader in the behaviourist movement
John watson
what did John Watson believe
that human charachter, ability and intelligence are an outcome of life circumstaces
what’s the tabula rasa theory
at birth the human being is a clean slate (no thought or experiences) until recording new things
who’s theory is linked to the tabula rasa theory
John Watsons
what 3 innate or inborn emotional responses exist according to watson… why aren’t there more
fear, rage and love
more are conditioned responses that have been learned or programmed (white rat experiment)
what was Watsons key concep
behaviour is formed by the S-R (stimulus-resoponse connection) which is when an individual is exposed to a certain stimulus and then responds to that respectively
what was Watsons experiment
Albert (little boy)
white rat
loud noise
2 main humanistic psychologists
Abraham maslow
Carl rogers
what did Abraham Maslow believe and what did he create
each person follows an identical person
hierarchy of needs
what are 2 principles regarding Maslow’s pyramid
1- each does not need to be completely met before the next level is considered
2- each person has a different threshold before the need is considered met
self actualization=
total fulfillment
who’s theory revolved around the idea of self concept and what is it
Carl rogers
the attitudes and impressions the idnividual has about theselves
what did Carl rogers believe
people have the power to form their own identity and not e shaped by outside influences and expectations
eclectic approach
an approach involving selecting what is percieved to be the best ideas from a variety of sources
