Reproductive System Flashcards
seminiferous tubules
sperm are formed within these tubules of each testicle
epididymis
coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle
spermatic cord
extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle
spermatogenesis
process of sperm formation
glans penis
sensitive region at tip of penis
foreskin
AKA prepuce
vas deferens
long narrow continuations of each epididymis - join the urethra
seminal vesicles
glands that secrete a thick yellow substance that nourish the sperm cells
prostate gland
secretes a thick, alkaline fluid into semen that aids the motility of sperm
phimosis
narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it can’t be retracted to expose glans penis
Peyronie’s disease
form of sexual dysfunction where penis is bent or curved during erection
priapism
painful erection lasting 4 or more hours without sexual excitement or stimulation
andropause
decrease of testosterone
cryptorchidism
developmental defect in which one or both testicles fail to descend to their normal position in the scrotum
anorchism
congenital absence of one or both testicles
hydrocele
fluid filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord
spermatocele
cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm
varicocele
a knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum
azoospermia
absence of sperm in semen
oligospermia
low sperm count, lower than 20 million/ml
vasovasostomy
vasectomy reversal
chlamydia
bacterial STD, most common, highly contagious and needs antibiotics
bacterial vaginosis
overgrowth of certain bacteria in vagina
genital herpes
cause by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 - no cure and highly contagious
gonorrhea
caused by bacteria
human immunodeficiency
HIV
syphilis
caused by bacteria and passed from person to person from a chancre, sore caused by syphilis
trichomoniasis
infection caused by parasite
bartholin’s glands
produce mucus secretion to lubricate vagina. located on either side of vaginal orifice
follicle
fluid filled sac contacting a single ovum - thousands on inside surface of ovaries
infundibulum
funnel shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary
fimbriae
fringed, finger-like extensions of the infundibulum and catch the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary
anteflexion
normal position of uterus, body of uterus is bent forward
fundus
bulging, rounded part of uterus above entrance of fallopian tubes
corpus
middle part of uterus
cervix
lower, narrow part of uterus that extends into the vagina
perimetrium
thought, membranous outer layer of uterus
myometrium
muscular middle layer of uterus
endometrium
inner layer consisting of specialized epithelial mucus membrane that is right in blood vessels
corpus luteum
the ruptured follicle that released an egg enlarges and talked on a fatty yellow substance-secretes hormone progesterone during second half of menstrual cycle to maintain growth of uterine lining - dies if egg is not fertilized
embryo
from implantation to 8th week of pregnancy
fetus
9th week or pregnancy to birth
chorion
thin outer membrane that enclosed the embryo and contributes to placenta formation
placenta
temp organ- allows exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products between mother and fetus without mixing blood
amniotic sac
innermost membrane surrounding embryo
effacement
process by which the cervix softens, shortens and becomes thinner for delivery
puerperium
time of placenta delivery thru 1st 6 weeks after delivery
lochia
postpartum vaginal discharge
vernix
greasy substance that protects fetus in utero and can be present at birth
Apgar score
done at 1 min and 5 min post birth to evaluate newborn’s physical status
pelvic inflammatory disease
any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not assoc. with surgery or pregnancy
polycystic ovary syndrome
condition caused by hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
endometriosis
patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in pelvic cavity
uterine fibroid
benign tumor of muscle and fibrous tissue in wall of uterus
cervical dysplasia
presence of precancerous changes in cells of inner lining of cervix
vaginal atrophy
decrease in elasticity and lubrication caused by hormonal changes
pruritus vulvae
sever itching of external female genitalia
vulvodynia
chronic burning, sydpareuneia, itching or stinging irritation of vulva with unknown cause
fibroadenoma
round, firm, rubbery mass from excess froth of glandular and connective tissue in breast
fibrocystic breast disease
benign cysts in breast
galactorrhea
production of breast milk in woman who is not breastfeeding
amenorrhea
absence of period for 90 days or more
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
condition with abnormal bleeding often due to an imbalance in hormone level changes
hypermenorrhea
excessive amount of menstrual flow over 7 days or more
hypomenorrhea
unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular period
menometrorrhagia
excessive bleeding during usual period and other irregular intervals
metrorrhagia
spotting
oligomenorrhea
infrequent or light periods
polymenorrhea
occurrence of menstrual cycle more frequently than is normal
placenta previa
abnormal implantation of placenta in lower portion of uterus
chorionic villus sampling
examination of cells taken from chorionic villi, minute vascular projection on the chorion to genetic abnormalities of fetus
pelvimetry
radiographic study to measure dimensions of pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus thru birth canal
conization
surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix for diagnostic purposes or to remove abnormal tissue
