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Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Muscle fibers

A

long slender cells that make up muscles

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2
Q

fascia

A

band of connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together muscles or groups of muscles

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3
Q

tendon

A

narrow bank of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

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4
Q

skeletal muscles

A

attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body movement possible

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5
Q

smooth muscles

A

in the walls of internal muscles - function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these organs

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6
Q

myocardial muscles

A

forms the muscular walls of the heart - striated like skeletal muscles but has involuntary action like smooth muscles

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7
Q

muscle innervation

A

stimulation of a muscles by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

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8
Q

contraction

A

tightening of a muscle

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9
Q

relaxation

A

when a muscle returns to its original form

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10
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb AWAY FROM the midline of the body

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11
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb TOWARD the midline

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12
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between 2 bones by bending a limb at a joint

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13
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between 2 bones or the straightening out of a limb

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14
Q

hyperextension

A

extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

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15
Q

elevation

A

act of raising or living a body part

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16
Q

depression

A

lowering of a body part

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17
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

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18
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

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19
Q

supination

A

act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of hand ro sole of foot is turned forward or upward

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20
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating the arm or leg so palm or sole of foot is turned downward or backward

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21
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bend the foot upward at the ankle

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22
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement that bend the foot downward at the ankle

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23
Q

muscle origin

A

where the muscle beings and located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

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24
Q

muscle insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

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25
Q

lateralis

A

toward the side

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26
Q

medialis

A

toward the midline

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27
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle

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28
Q

rectus

A

in a straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

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29
Q

sphincter

A

ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passage

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30
Q

transverse

A

crosswise direction

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31
Q

biceps brachii

A

aka biceps - formed from 2 divisions- flexes the elbow

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32
Q

triceps brachii

A

aka triceps - formed from 3 divisions - extends elbow

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33
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest muscle of the buttock

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34
Q

deltoid muscles

A

located on the shoulder and shaped like an inverted triangle - forms muscle cap of the shoulder

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35
Q

hamstring group

A

located at the lack of the upper leg consisting of 3 muscles

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36
Q

frontalis muscle

A

muscle in the forehead and raises and lowers eybrows

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37
Q

temporalis muscle

A

moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

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38
Q

masseter muscle

A

moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

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39
Q

pectoralis major

A

makes up the bulk of the chest muscles

40
Q

external oblique

A

muscles in abdomen that felt and rotate the vertebral column and felt the torso and compress the abdomen

41
Q

internal oblique

A

muscles in abdomen felt the spine, supports the abdominal contents, help breathe and rotate spine

42
Q

rectus abdominis

A

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing and supports the spine

43
Q

transverse abdominis

A

located on the side of the abdomen

44
Q

trapezius

A

moves the head and shoulder blade

45
Q

rectus femoris muscle

A

extends the left at the knee

46
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

made up of 4 muscles

47
Q

gastrocnemius

A

calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

48
Q

exercise physiologist

A

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

49
Q

occupational therapist

A

helps enable its to participate in the activities of daily life

50
Q

physiatrist

A

specializes in physical medicine and rehab with focus on restoring function.

51
Q

physical therapist

A

provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage or other techniques

52
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be worse by physical or mental activity

53
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

54
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing aware of body tissues and structures

55
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength and function that come with aging

56
Q

muscle tone

A

state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination and movement possible

57
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

58
Q

dystonia

A

condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

59
Q

hypotonia

A

diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

60
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

61
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, pigments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

62
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

63
Q

spasm

A

any sudden, involuntary contraction of one for more muscles

64
Q

myoclonus

A

quick involuntary jerking of a muscles or group of muscles

65
Q

singultus

A

hiccups

66
Q

torticollis

A

stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

67
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

68
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

69
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

70
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

71
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of 30+ genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the nervous system

72
Q

repetitive stress disorders

A

variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities or sports

73
Q

compartment syndrome

A

compression of nerves and blood vessels due to selling within the “compartment” and enclosed space created by the facia that separates groups of muscles

74
Q

overuse injuries

A

minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal

75
Q

overuse tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

76
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

chronic pain disorder caused by a muscle being contracted receptively , characterized by development of trigger points producing local and referred muscle pain

77
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between bones within the shoulder joint

78
Q

rotator cuff tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff

79
Q

ruptured rotator cuff

A

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or it overuse continues. - irritated tendon weakens and tears

80
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

occurs with the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflames and swollen

81
Q

carpal tunnel release

A

surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve pressure on tendons and nerves

82
Q

ganglion cyst

A

harmless fluid filled sac that forms most often on outer surface of wrist

83
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

84
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plants fascia on the sole of the foot

85
Q

sprain

A

injury to a joint when a LIGAMENT is rented or torn

86
Q

strain

A

injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon

87
Q

shin splint

A

caused by the tibias anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

88
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

IT band runs from hipbone diagonally across leg to the tibia - ITBS caused by band rubbing against bone often in knee ares

89
Q

deep tendon reflexes

A

tested with a reflex hammer that strikes a tendon

90
Q

range of motion testing

A

ROM diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

91
Q

electromyography

A

test that measure the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

92
Q

antispasmodic medication

A

used to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine or bladder

93
Q

skeletal muscle relaxant

A

given to relax muscles and relieve the stiffness, pain and discomfort caused by strains, sprains or other muscle injuries

94
Q

neuromuscular blocker medication

A

causes temp paralysis by blocking transmission of nerve stimuli to muscles - used in sx with anesthesia

95
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

uses a device to deliver electrical impulses thru skin which causes changes in muscles

Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. (16 decks)

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