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Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. > Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Eyes and Ears Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adnexa

A

accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

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2
Q

eye muscles

A

superior and inferior oblique muscles
superior and inferior rectus muscles
Lateral and medial rectus muscles

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3
Q

canthus

A

angle where the upper and lower eyelid meet

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4
Q

cilia

A

small hairs of eyebrows and lashes

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5
Q

tarsus

A

framework within the upper and lower lids that provide the stiffness and shape

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6
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that lines underside of eyelid and protective covering of eye

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7
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

structures that produce, store, and remove tears

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8
Q

choriod

A

opaque middle layer of eyeball that contains many blood vessels, supplying blood to eye

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9
Q

sclera

A

white of eye - maintains shape of eye and protects tissue under - outer layer of eye except where cornea is

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10
Q

retina

A

sensitive innermost layer lines posterior segment of eye- receives nerve impulses and transmits them to optic nerve

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11
Q

aqueous humor

A

fills anterior and posterior chambers in anterior segment of eye to nourish intraocular structures

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12
Q

rods

A

black and white receptors

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13
Q

cones

A

color receptors

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14
Q

macula

A

light sensitive area in center of retina that is responsible for sharp central vision

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15
Q

fovea centralis

A

pit in middle of macula with high concentration of cones and no rods

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16
Q

optic disc

A

blind spot, region of eye where nerve endings of retinal enter optic nerve

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17
Q

uvea

A

pigmented layer of eye - consists of rich blood supply, choroid, ciliary body and iris

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18
Q

ciliary body

A

set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina

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19
Q

iris

A

color part of eye with muscles that contract and dilate to control amount of light entering thru pupil

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20
Q

cornea

A

outer surface of eye covering the iris and pupil

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21
Q

convergence

A

simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other to keep object coming nearing in focus

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22
Q

emmetropia

A

normal relationship between refractive power of eye and shape of eye to have light rays focus correctly on retina

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23
Q

hordeolum

A

stye- filled with pus from infection in sebaceous gland

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24
Q

chalazion

A

cyst caused by obstruction in sebaceous gland

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25
Q

anisocoria

A

pupils are unequal in size

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26
Q

photopsia

A

flashing lights

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27
Q

miosis

A

contraction of pupil

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28
Q

mydriasis

A

dilation of pupil

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29
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of eyeball that can be congenital, neurological injury or drugs

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30
Q

papilledema

A

swelling and inflammation of optic nerve at point of entrance thru optic disk

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31
Q

reunites pigmentosa

A

progressive degeneration of retina that affects night and peripheral vision - detected by dark, pigmented spots in retina

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32
Q

hemianopia

A

blindness ins one-hand of visual field

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33
Q

monochromatism

A

color blindness

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34
Q

nyctalopia

A

night blindness

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35
Q

esotropia

A

strabismus with eye(s) crossing inward

36
Q

exotropia

A

strabismus with outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

37
Q

ametropia

A

any refractive error in which light not properly focus on retina

38
Q

amblyopia

A

dimness of vision or partial loss of sight without detectable disease of eye

39
Q

scotoma

A

blind spot

40
Q

cover test

A

examination of how the 2 eyes work together

41
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

use of ophthalmoscope to perform fungus exam of back of eye - retina, optic disk, choroid and blood vessels

42
Q

slit-lamp

A

narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of eye to examine structures at front of eye

43
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils are Equal, Round, Responsive to Light and Accommodation

44
Q

tarsorrhaphy

A

suturing together of eyelids to protect eye when lids are unable to close normally

45
Q

enucleation

A

removal of eyeball, leaving eye muscles intact

46
Q

radial keratotomy

A

treats myopia, surgical incisions are made to cornea to cause it to flatten

47
Q

sclera buckle

A

silicone band or sponge used to repair detached retina

48
Q

photocoagulation

A

use of a laser to treat some wet AMD by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels

49
Q

pinna

A

outer, external part of ear - captures sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal

50
Q

external auditory canal

A

transmits sound waves from pinna to tympanic membrane

51
Q

cerumen

A

earwax - protective functions by trading small debris/dust from entering middle ear

52
Q

middle ear

A

transmits sound across the space between outer and inner ear

53
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum - transmits sounds by vibrating

54
Q

mastoid process

A

temporal bone containing a hollow air space the surrounds the middle ear

55
Q

auditory ossicles

A

3 small bones in middle ear
malleus (hammer)
incus (anvil)
stapes (stirrup)

56
Q

eustachian tubes

A

narrow tubes that lead from middle ear to nasal cavity and throat. Tubes equalize air pressure in middle air to the outside air

57
Q

inner ear

A

contain sensory receptors for hearing and balance - the structures are know as the labyrinth

58
Q

oval window

A

under base of stapes- membrane that separates the middle ear from inner ear- vibrations enter inner ear here

59
Q

cochlea

A

snap-shaped structure of inner ear and where sound vibrations converted into nerve impulses

60
Q

organ of Corti

A

receives vibrations from cochlear duct and relays them to auditory nerve fibers

61
Q

semicircular canals

A

contain liquid endolymph and sensitive hair cells

62
Q

acoustic nerves

A

cranial nerves transmit info to brain

63
Q

air conduction

A

sounds waves enter ear thru pinna and travel down external auditory canal to tympanic membrane

64
Q

bone conduction

A

eardrum vibrates and causes auditory ossicles to vibrate, transmitting sound to oval window

65
Q

sensorineural conduction

A

sound vibrations reach inner ear and relay them to auditory nerve

66
Q

otomycosis

A

fungal infection of external auditory canal

67
Q

barotrauma

A

pressure related ear condition

68
Q

cholesteatoma

A

destructive epidermal cyst in middle ear/mastoid process made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol

69
Q

infections myringitis

A

contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on eardrum

70
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

71
Q

otosclerosis

A

ankylosis of bones in middle ear

72
Q

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

a shift in location of small crystals in semicircular canals

73
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

rare chronic disorder in which amount of fluid in inner ear increases intermittently, causing vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss

74
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

brain tumor that develops adjacent to cranial nerve running from brain to inner ear

75
Q

presbycusis

A

gradual hearing loss related to age

76
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid filled inner ear

77
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

when auditory nerve or hair cells in inner ear are damaged

78
Q

audiometry

A

uses audiometer to measure hearing acuity

79
Q

tympanometry

A

use of air pressure in ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear

80
Q

acoustic reflectometry

A

measures how much sound is reflected back from the eardrum, test how much fluid is in middle ear

81
Q

Weber and Rinne test

A

uses a tuning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

82
Q

ear tubes

A

tiny ventilating tubes placed through eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluid and relieve pressure

83
Q

vestibular rehab therapy

A

form of PT designed to treat wide variety of balance problems

84
Q

assistive listening device

A

transmits, processes or amplifies count and can be used with or without a hearing aid

85
Q

cochlear implant

A

electronic device that bypasses the damaged portions of ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve

86
Q

fenestration

A

new opening is created in labyrinth to restore lost hearing

87
Q

hearing aids

A

electronic devices that are worn to correct hearing loss

Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. (16 decks)

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