Integumentary System Flashcards
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) that lubricate the skin and discourages bacteria growth
epidermis
outermost layer of skin, several specialized epithelial tissues
epithelial tissues
form protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces of body
squamous epithelial tissue
forms upper layer of epidermis consisting of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed
basal layer
lowest layer of epidermis where new cells are produced are push upward
keratin
fibrous, water-repellent protein - soft keratin is primary component of epidermis and hard keratin is hair and nails
melanocytes
cells in basal layer that produce and contain dark brown to black pigment melanin
melanin
pigment that determines color of skin, and produces freckles and age spots
dermis
thick layer of living tissue below epidermis containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerve fibers. also hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands
collagen
tough and flexible fibrous protein in skin
mast cells
found in connective tissue of dermis respond to injury, infection or allergy by producing and relaxing substances
Heparin
anticoagulant released by mast cells in response to injury
Histamine
substance release by mast cells in response to allergens, causing allergic reaction
subcutaneous layer
below layers of skin and connects skin to surface muscles
Adipose tissue
fat
lipocytes
fat cells - manufacture and store large quantities of fat
arrestor pili
tiny muscles fibers attached to hair follicle that cause hair to stand erect. Contract in cold and create goosebumps to reduce heat loss thru skin
unguis
fingernail or toenail
lunula
half moon shaped area at nail root that forms new keratin cells
comedo
noninflected lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin - whiteheads and blackheads
epidermoid cyst
closed sac just under skin containing yellow fatty material
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammation from seborrhea that courses itchy and scaling or upper layers of skin - dandruff/cradle cap
seborrheic keratosis
benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted on look
diaphoresis
profuse sweating brought on by heat or exertion, physical or emotional distress
heat rash
itchy rash caused by blockage of sweat glands
alopecia areata
autoimmune disorder attacking hair follicles, causing bald patches on scalp or other body parts
alopecia totalis
loss of all hair on scalp
alopecia universalis
total hair loss on all parts of body
androgenic alopecia
most common type of hair loss - male and female pattern baldness
clubbing
abnormal curving of nails with enlargement of fingertips
koilonychia
outer nail surface is concave
onychia
inflammation of nail bed, often resulting in loss of nail
acanthosis nigricans
area(s) of skin develop dark, wart-like patches
chloasma
pigmentation disorder characterized by dark, brownish spots on face, can occur during pregnancy and then resolve
vitiligo
irregular patches of white skin from destruction of melanocytes
contusion
injury to underlying tissue without breaking the skin with discoloration and pain
ecchymosis
bruise - bleeding under skin causing discoloration
purpura
multiple purple discoloration of skin caused by bleeding under skin - smaller than bruise
petechiae
pinpoint hemorrhages < 2mm
hematoma
swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissues - usually caused by injury
lesion
pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury
crust
scab - collection of dried sebum and cellular debris
macule
discolored flat spot < 1 cm in diameter ex. freckle
nodule
solid, raised skin lesion > 0.5 sm and deeper than papule
papule
small, raised red lesion < 0.5 diameter and doesn’t contain pus ex. bug bite
verrucae
warts - small hard skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus
wheal
welt - small bump that itches
abcess
closed pocket containing pus caused by bacterial infection
purulent
producing or containing pus
exudate
a fluid that leaks from infected wound
cyst
abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or semisolid material
pustule
pimple - small lesion containing pus
vesicle
small blister < 0.5 cm diameter, containing watery fluid
bulla
large blister > o.5 cm in diameter
fissure
groove or crack like break in skin
pressure sore
bed sore - open ulcerated would caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin
ulcer
open lesion of skin or mucous membrane resoling in tissue loss around edges
nevi
mole
capillary hemangioma
soft, raised pink or red vascular birthmark
port-wine stain
flat vascular birthmark makeup up of dilated capillaries
contact dermatitis
localized allergic response caused by contact with irritant
eczema
persistent or recurring dermatitis, with redness, itching and dryness with possible blistering, cracking, oozing and bleeding
exfoliative dermatitis
widespread scaling of skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma and hair loss
prutitus
itching
erythroderma
abnormal redness of entire skin surface
erythema
redness of skin due to capillary dilation
exanthem
widespread rash, usually in children
dermatosis
general term for skin lesions or eruptions not due to inflammation
ichthyosis
hereditary disorders with dry, thickened and scaly skin
lipedema
chronic abnormal condition with accumulation of fat and fluid in tissues just under skin of hips and legs
scleroderma
autoimmune disorder where connective ticssues become thickened and hardened causing skin to become hard and swollen
urticaria
hives
carbuncle
cluster of connected boils
systemic lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease characterized by red scaly rash on face and upper trunk and attacks connective tissue, esp joints
psoriasis
skin disorder characterized by flare-ups of red papule covered with silvery scales occur of elbows, knees, scalp, back or buttocks
rosacea
characterized by time red pimples and broken blood vessels
rhinophyma
usually occurs in older men and is characterized by overgrowth of tissue of the nose and assoc. with advance rosacea
scleroderma
autoimmune disease where connective tissue become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen - can also affect joints and organs
urticaria
aka hives
xeroderma
excessively dry skin
carbuncle
cluster of connected bills (furnuncles)
cellulitis
acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissue that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth and red streaks
furnucles
boils - large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staph infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
gangrene
death of tissue followed by bacterial invasion that causes purification and death if enters bloodstream - commonly caused by lack of circulation
impetigo
highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in kids - has isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
necrotizing fasciitis
severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria
pyoderma
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection
mycosis
describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
tinea
fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails. grows in a worm-like circle except on nails
aka- ringworm
tinea capitis
ringworm on scalp of kids
tinea cruris
fungal infection in the genital area
tinea pedis
athletes foot
tinea vesicolor
fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on the skin
pediculosis
infestation with lice
scabies
skin infection caused by infestation of itch mites
callus
thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing
cicatrix
normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
granulation tissue
tissue that normally forms during would healing and eventually forms the scar
granuloma
general term for a small knot like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis
keloid
abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
keratosis
any skin growth in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
lipoma
benign, slow growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer - usually harmless
nevus
aka mole - small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin
dysplastic nevi
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
papilloma
benign superficial, wart like growth on the epithelial tissue
polyp
general term to describe a mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
skin tags
small, flesh colored or light brown polyps that have from the body by fine stalks
actinic keratosis
precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin
basal cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis - most common and least harmful type of skin cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems
melanoma
skin cancer the occurs in the melanocytes and is the most serious skin cancer
exfoliative cytology
technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
cauterization
dectruction of tissue by burning
chemabrasion
aka chemical peel - use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkles and keratoses
cryosurgery
destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen
curettage
removal of material from the surface by scraping
debridement
removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and promote healing
dermabrasion
form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper - used to remove acne and chickenpox scars and facial rejuvenation
electrodesiccation
surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark - eliminate small superficial growths and to seal off blood vessels
Mohs surgery
used to treat various types of skin cancer - individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined until a margin that is clear of all cancerous tissue has been achieved
photodynamic therapy
technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin and various types of cancer
retinoids
class of chemical commands derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and tx b/c of their effect on epithelial cell growth
collagen replacement therapy
form of soft tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scares or to make lips appear fuller
dermatoplasty
aka skin graft - replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patients body
electrolysis
used of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of hair
lipectomy
surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin
liposuction
surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin with aid of suction
rhytidectomy
aka facelift - surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles
sclerotherapy
treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosis solution into the vein, which irritates the tissue, causing the veins to collapse and disappear
