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Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (oil) that lubricate the skin and discourages bacteria growth

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2
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin, several specialized epithelial tissues

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3
Q

epithelial tissues

A

form protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces of body

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4
Q

squamous epithelial tissue

A

forms upper layer of epidermis consisting of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed

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5
Q

basal layer

A

lowest layer of epidermis where new cells are produced are push upward

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6
Q

keratin

A

fibrous, water-repellent protein - soft keratin is primary component of epidermis and hard keratin is hair and nails

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7
Q

melanocytes

A

cells in basal layer that produce and contain dark brown to black pigment melanin

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8
Q

melanin

A

pigment that determines color of skin, and produces freckles and age spots

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9
Q

dermis

A

thick layer of living tissue below epidermis containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerve fibers. also hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

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10
Q

collagen

A

tough and flexible fibrous protein in skin

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11
Q

mast cells

A

found in connective tissue of dermis respond to injury, infection or allergy by producing and relaxing substances

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12
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant released by mast cells in response to injury

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13
Q

Histamine

A

substance release by mast cells in response to allergens, causing allergic reaction

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14
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

below layers of skin and connects skin to surface muscles

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15
Q

Adipose tissue

A

fat

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16
Q

lipocytes

A

fat cells - manufacture and store large quantities of fat

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17
Q

arrestor pili

A

tiny muscles fibers attached to hair follicle that cause hair to stand erect. Contract in cold and create goosebumps to reduce heat loss thru skin

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18
Q

unguis

A

fingernail or toenail

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19
Q

lunula

A

half moon shaped area at nail root that forms new keratin cells

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20
Q

comedo

A

noninflected lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin - whiteheads and blackheads

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21
Q

epidermoid cyst

A

closed sac just under skin containing yellow fatty material

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22
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

inflammation from seborrhea that courses itchy and scaling or upper layers of skin - dandruff/cradle cap

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23
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted on look

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24
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating brought on by heat or exertion, physical or emotional distress

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25
Q

heat rash

A

itchy rash caused by blockage of sweat glands

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26
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune disorder attacking hair follicles, causing bald patches on scalp or other body parts

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27
Q

alopecia totalis

A

loss of all hair on scalp

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28
Q

alopecia universalis

A

total hair loss on all parts of body

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29
Q

androgenic alopecia

A

most common type of hair loss - male and female pattern baldness

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30
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal curving of nails with enlargement of fingertips

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31
Q

koilonychia

A

outer nail surface is concave

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32
Q

onychia

A

inflammation of nail bed, often resulting in loss of nail

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33
Q

acanthosis nigricans

A

area(s) of skin develop dark, wart-like patches

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34
Q

chloasma

A

pigmentation disorder characterized by dark, brownish spots on face, can occur during pregnancy and then resolve

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35
Q

vitiligo

A

irregular patches of white skin from destruction of melanocytes

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36
Q

contusion

A

injury to underlying tissue without breaking the skin with discoloration and pain

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37
Q

ecchymosis

A

bruise - bleeding under skin causing discoloration

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38
Q

purpura

A

multiple purple discoloration of skin caused by bleeding under skin - smaller than bruise

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39
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint hemorrhages < 2mm

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40
Q

hematoma

A

swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissues - usually caused by injury

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41
Q

lesion

A

pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury

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42
Q

crust

A

scab - collection of dried sebum and cellular debris

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43
Q

macule

A

discolored flat spot < 1 cm in diameter ex. freckle

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44
Q

nodule

A

solid, raised skin lesion > 0.5 sm and deeper than papule

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45
Q

papule

A

small, raised red lesion < 0.5 diameter and doesn’t contain pus ex. bug bite

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46
Q

verrucae

A

warts - small hard skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus

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47
Q

wheal

A

welt - small bump that itches

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48
Q

abcess

A

closed pocket containing pus caused by bacterial infection

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49
Q

purulent

A

producing or containing pus

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50
Q

exudate

A

a fluid that leaks from infected wound

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51
Q

cyst

A

abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or semisolid material

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52
Q

pustule

A

pimple - small lesion containing pus

53
Q

vesicle

A

small blister < 0.5 cm diameter, containing watery fluid

54
Q

bulla

A

large blister > o.5 cm in diameter

55
Q

fissure

A

groove or crack like break in skin

56
Q

pressure sore

A

bed sore - open ulcerated would caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin

57
Q

ulcer

A

open lesion of skin or mucous membrane resoling in tissue loss around edges

58
Q

nevi

A

mole

59
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

soft, raised pink or red vascular birthmark

60
Q

port-wine stain

A

flat vascular birthmark makeup up of dilated capillaries

61
Q

contact dermatitis

A

localized allergic response caused by contact with irritant

62
Q

eczema

A

persistent or recurring dermatitis, with redness, itching and dryness with possible blistering, cracking, oozing and bleeding

63
Q

exfoliative dermatitis

A

widespread scaling of skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma and hair loss

64
Q

prutitus

A

itching

65
Q

erythroderma

A

abnormal redness of entire skin surface

66
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin due to capillary dilation

67
Q

exanthem

A

widespread rash, usually in children

68
Q

dermatosis

A

general term for skin lesions or eruptions not due to inflammation

69
Q

ichthyosis

A

hereditary disorders with dry, thickened and scaly skin

70
Q

lipedema

A

chronic abnormal condition with accumulation of fat and fluid in tissues just under skin of hips and legs

71
Q

scleroderma

A

autoimmune disorder where connective ticssues become thickened and hardened causing skin to become hard and swollen

72
Q

urticaria

A

hives

73
Q

carbuncle

A

cluster of connected boils

74
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disease characterized by red scaly rash on face and upper trunk and attacks connective tissue, esp joints

75
Q

psoriasis

A

skin disorder characterized by flare-ups of red papule covered with silvery scales occur of elbows, knees, scalp, back or buttocks

76
Q

rosacea

A

characterized by time red pimples and broken blood vessels

77
Q

rhinophyma

A

usually occurs in older men and is characterized by overgrowth of tissue of the nose and assoc. with advance rosacea

78
Q

scleroderma

A

autoimmune disease where connective tissue become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen - can also affect joints and organs

79
Q

urticaria

A

aka hives

80
Q

xeroderma

A

excessively dry skin

81
Q

carbuncle

A

cluster of connected bills (furnuncles)

82
Q

cellulitis

A

acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissue that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth and red streaks

83
Q

furnucles

A

boils - large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staph infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

84
Q

gangrene

A

death of tissue followed by bacterial invasion that causes purification and death if enters bloodstream - commonly caused by lack of circulation

85
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in kids - has isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

86
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria

87
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

88
Q

mycosis

A

describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

89
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails. grows in a worm-like circle except on nails

aka- ringworm

90
Q

tinea capitis

A

ringworm on scalp of kids

91
Q

tinea cruris

A

fungal infection in the genital area

92
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot

93
Q

tinea vesicolor

A

fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on the skin

94
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

95
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by infestation of itch mites

96
Q

callus

A

thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing

97
Q

cicatrix

A

normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

98
Q

granulation tissue

A

tissue that normally forms during would healing and eventually forms the scar

99
Q

granuloma

A

general term for a small knot like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

100
Q

keloid

A

abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

101
Q

keratosis

A

any skin growth in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

102
Q

lipoma

A

benign, slow growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer - usually harmless

103
Q

nevus

A

aka mole - small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin

104
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

105
Q

papilloma

A

benign superficial, wart like growth on the epithelial tissue

106
Q

polyp

A

general term to describe a mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

107
Q

skin tags

A

small, flesh colored or light brown polyps that have from the body by fine stalks

108
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin

109
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis - most common and least harmful type of skin cancer

110
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems

111
Q

melanoma

A

skin cancer the occurs in the melanocytes and is the most serious skin cancer

112
Q

exfoliative cytology

A

technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

113
Q

cauterization

A

dectruction of tissue by burning

114
Q

chemabrasion

A

aka chemical peel - use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkles and keratoses

115
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen

116
Q

curettage

A

removal of material from the surface by scraping

117
Q

debridement

A

removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and promote healing

118
Q

dermabrasion

A

form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper - used to remove acne and chickenpox scars and facial rejuvenation

119
Q

electrodesiccation

A

surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark - eliminate small superficial growths and to seal off blood vessels

120
Q

Mohs surgery

A

used to treat various types of skin cancer - individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined until a margin that is clear of all cancerous tissue has been achieved

121
Q

photodynamic therapy

A

technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin and various types of cancer

122
Q

retinoids

A

class of chemical commands derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and tx b/c of their effect on epithelial cell growth

123
Q

collagen replacement therapy

A

form of soft tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scares or to make lips appear fuller

124
Q

dermatoplasty

A

aka skin graft - replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patients body

125
Q

electrolysis

A

used of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of hair

126
Q

lipectomy

A

surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin

127
Q

liposuction

A

surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin with aid of suction

128
Q

rhytidectomy

A

aka facelift - surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles

129
Q

sclerotherapy

A

treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosis solution into the vein, which irritates the tissue, causing the veins to collapse and disappear

Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. (16 decks)

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