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Animal Science > REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

essential for the perpetuation of species, thus, prevent its extinction

A

reproduction

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2
Q

immobile haploid gamete (sex cell) of the female

A

ovum

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3
Q

female reproductive system (8)

A
  1. ovary
  2. infundibulum
  3. oviduct/ fallopian tube
  4. uterus
  5. cervix
  6. vagina
  7. vulva
  8. clitoris
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4
Q

paired, almond shaped organ situated near the uterine horn just behind the kidney;

A
  1. ovary
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5
Q

produces the ova and secretes estrogen

A
  1. ovary
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6
Q

female sex hormone produce by ovary

A

estrogen

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7
Q

portion of uterine tube adjacent to the ovary; shaped like a funnel in its expanded form

A
  1. infundibulum
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8
Q

picks up the egg when released by the ovary at the time of ovulation

A
  1. infundibulum
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9
Q

structure that connects the ova from each ovary to the respective horn of the uterus;
passageway of the egg on its way to the uterus

A
  1. oviduct/ fallopian tube
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10
Q

site of fertilization and site of early embryonic development

A
  1. oviduct/ fallopian tube
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11
Q

tubular structure extending from the termination of the both fallopian tubes to a point where its horns joins its body and continues to the cervix

A
  1. uterus
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12
Q

site of implantationand serves in a nutritive and productive capacity for the developing embryo

A
  1. uterus
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13
Q

neck of the uterus;

passage way of semen and protects the uterus from foreign materials

A
  1. cervix
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14
Q

secretes a sticky mucus seal during pregnancy

A
  1. cervix
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15
Q

tube extending from the cervix down to the vulva;

receives the penis in copulation

A
  1. vagina
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16
Q

provides a passageway for the fully developed fetus during parturition

A
  1. vagina
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17
Q

common passage way for the products of reproduction and urine

A
  1. vulva
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18
Q

a rudimentary organ situated ventrally to the vulva;

homologous to the glans penis in the male

A
  1. clitoris
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19
Q

male reproductive system (4)

A
  1. testis
  2. scrotum
  3. excurrent ducts
  4. accessory glands
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20
Q
  1. excurrent ducts
A

a. epididymis
b. ductus deferens (vas deferens)
c. urethra

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21
Q
  1. accessory glands
A

a. ampulla
b. seminal vesicles
c. prostate gland
d. cowpea’s gland
e. penis

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22
Q

male mobile haploid gamete

A

sperm

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23
Q

the paired primary sex organ of the male

A

testis

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24
Q

function of testes

A
  1. production of sperm

2. secretion of androgen

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25
Q

male sex hormone

A

androgen

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26
Q

location of testes in birds

A

within the body cavity

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27
Q

location of testes in mammals

A

located in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity

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28
Q

pouch of skin, external covering of the testes;

protects the testes from direct mechanical injuries

A
  1. scrotum
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29
Q

provides the testes an environment w/c is a few degrees cooler than the body temperature

A
  1. scrotum
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30
Q

long convulated tube w/c connects the efferent ducts (vasa efferentia) of the testes w/ the ductus deferens (vas deferens)

A

a. epididymis

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31
Q

place for maturation of the spermatozoa before ejaculation

A

a. epididymis

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32
Q

muscular tube w/c merges with the epididymis and extends upward to the abdominal cavity and empties in the urethra

A

b. ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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33
Q

propels the spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct in the urethra during ejaculation

A

b. ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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34
Q

canal starting from the junction of the ampulla and ends at the opening of the penis

A

c. urethra

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35
Q

common passage of semen and urine

A

c. urethra

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36
Q

an enlarge portion of the ductus deferens just before its entrance into urethra

A

a. ampulla

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37
Q

the temporary storage of sperm until ejaculation time

A

a. ampulla

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38
Q

paired glands w/c are located on either side of the ampulla;

A

b. seminal vesicles

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39
Q

produce a secretion high in fructose w/c acts as vehicle for sperm transport

A

b. seminal vesicles

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40
Q

an unpaired gland w/c more or less surrounds the urethra

A

c. prostate gland

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41
Q

produces a viscous secretion w/c stimulates sperm activity and gives the semen its characteristic odor

A

c. prostate gland

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42
Q

small paired gland located on either side of pelvic urethra

A

d. cowpea’s gland

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43
Q

an erectile tissue

A

e. penis

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44
Q

fuction of penis

A
  1. drain the urinary bladder of urine

2. introduces the spermatozoa to the vagina

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45
Q

consists of sperm cells and the secretions of the accessory glands

A

semen

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46
Q

lifespan of spermatozoa in female reproductive tract: chicken

A

14 days

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47
Q

lifespan of spermatozoa in female reproductive tract: man

A

20-30 hours

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48
Q

indication that sexual maturity is reached;
capable of producing offsprings;
usual manifestation is showing signs of estrus

A

puberty

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49
Q

the interval from the beginning of one heat period (estrus) to the start of another heat period

A

estrous cycle

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50
Q

4 stages of estrous cycle

A
  1. proestrus
  2. estrus
  3. metestrus
  4. diestrus
51
Q

period between regression of the corpus luteum (CL) and estrus, when follicar development is occurring and estrogen production is increasing; ( about the 18th - 20th days of the bovine cycle)

A
  1. proestrus
52
Q

period of sexual receptivity, due to high levels of estrogen;
depending upon the species, length of estrus ranges from about 12hrs to several days;
estrogen levels bring about surge of LH and FSH

A
  1. estrus
53
Q

phase following estrus when the CL forms and begins to produce progesterone

A
  1. metestrus
54
Q

phase when the CL is highly active in its production of progesterone

A
  1. diestrus
55
Q

classification of animals based on the occurrence of their estrous cycle

A
  1. monoestrus
  2. seasonaly polyestrus
  3. polyestrus
56
Q

animal comes in heat only once a year;

ex. dogs,

A
  1. monoestrus
57
Q

comes in heat in certain seasons only

ex. sheep

A
  1. seasonaly polyestrus
58
Q

comes in heat throughout the year

ex. cattle, swine, carabao

A
  1. polyestrus
59
Q

signs of heat or estrus (6)

A
  1. reddening and swelling of vulva
  2. mucus discgarges from the vagina
  3. frequent urination
  4. restlessness and lack of apetite
  5. mounting other animals in the herd
  6. female stands still when mounted - best sign
60
Q

when to breed or inseminate

A
  1. ovulation would likely take place, or as close as possible to expected ovulation time.
  2. best time to inseminate is towards the end of estrus
  3. duration of estrus is variable
  4. when observed that the animal is in heat, inseminate right away.
61
Q

reduces conception rate due to the loss of sperm viability

A

too early insemination

62
Q

ovulation of cattle and carabao

A

15 - 18 hrs from the end of estrus

63
Q

estrus duration in carabao

A

5-36 hrs (18 hrs average)

64
Q

estrus duration in swine

A

2-3 days; best to inseminate on the 2nd and 3rd day

65
Q

estrus duration in mares

A

6-7 days; best is on 4th and 5th day

66
Q

sperm cells reside in the female reproductive tract before becoming capable of attaching to and penetrating the ovum;
believed to start in the uterus

A

sperm capacitation

67
Q

process in w/c sperm fuses with an ovum to form zygote

A

fertilization

68
Q

fertilized cell in w/c the genetic materials of the sperm and ovum are combined

A

zygote

69
Q

2 methods of fertilization

A

a. external fertilization

b. internal fertilization

70
Q

both parents expel their gametes into another medium, such as water, w/o necessarily coming into contact w/ each other

A

a. external fertilization

71
Q

male deposits sperm inside the female reproductive tract

A

b. internal fertilization

72
Q

3 forms of devt. in internal fertilization

A
  1. oviparity
  2. ovoviviparity
  3. viviparity
73
Q

embryo formed inside the female is deposited outside her body as an egg;
after devt., offspring hatch out of the egg and directly into the environment.
ex. all birds and some reptiles

A
  1. oviparity
74
Q

embryo develops inside the female body, although it still obtains all nourishment from the egg yolk. the young hatches fully developed and are released from the female’s body.
ex. many reptiles and some fish

A
  1. ovoviviparity
75
Q

embryo develops inside the female’s body and the young obtain their nourishment from the female’s blood, rather than egg yolk. the young emerges fully developed from the female body.
ex. almost all mammals

A
  1. viviparity
76
Q

cattle gamete longevity (hrs)
sperm
ovum

A

30-48

20-24

77
Q

horse gamete longevity (hrs)
sperm
ovum

A

72-120

6-8

78
Q

sheep gamete longevity (hrs)
sperm
ovum

A

30-48

16-24

79
Q

swine gamete longevity (hrs)
sperm
ovum

A

34-72

8-10

80
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of quail

A

16-19

81
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of pigeon

A

17

82
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of chicken

A

21

83
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of mallard duck

A

28

84
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of turkey

A

28

85
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of geese

A

30

86
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of muscovy duck

A

36

87
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of rabbit

A

32

88
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of swine

A

114

89
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of sheep

A

147

90
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of goat

A

148

91
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of cattle

A

280

92
Q

incubation/ pregnancy (days) of carabao

A

3116

93
Q

expected number of young produced per year of quail

A

100-300

94
Q

expected number of young produced per year of pigeon

A

10-20

95
Q

expected number of young produced per year of chicken

A

50-300

96
Q

expected number of young produced per year of mallard duck

A

50-300

97
Q

expected number of young produced per year of turkey

A

50-100

98
Q

expected number of young produced per year of geese

A

20-50

99
Q

expected number of young produced per year of muscovy duck

A

50-100

100
Q

expected number of young produced per year of rabbit

A

10-30

101
Q

expected number of young produced per year of swine

A

10-25

102
Q

expected number of young produced per year of sheep

A

1-3

103
Q

expected number of young produced per year of goat

A

2.5

104
Q

expected number of young produced per year of cattle

A

0.5

105
Q

expected number of young produced per year of carabao

A

0.5

106
Q

estrus duration of rabbit

A

15-20

107
Q

estrus duration of swine

A

18-24

108
Q

estrus duration of sheep

A

17

109
Q

estrus duration of goat

A

20-21

110
Q

estrus duration of cattle

A

21

111
Q

estrus duration of carabao

A

22-24

112
Q

the period of time from conception to birth of the offspring

A

gestation period

113
Q

fusion of fetal membranes to the endometrium of the uterus to permit physiological exchange between fetus and mother;
unique feature of early mammalian development as it allows provison of nutrients from the maternal organism

A

placenta

114
Q

the physiological process by w/c the pregnant uterus delivers the fetus and placenta from the maternal organism; triggered by the fetus; may be divided into 3 stages

A

parturition

115
Q

3 stages of parturition

A
  1. dilation of the cervix
  2. delivey of newborn
  3. shedding of placenta or fetal membranes
116
Q

signs of approaching parturition

A
  1. changes in pelvic ligament
  2. enlargement and edema of the vulva
  3. mammary activity - obvious enlargement of the mammary gland occurs in all farm species
  4. presence of milk in mammary gland - strong indication
117
Q

resulting balance of heat dissipation;

its stability is prerequisite for high productivity in animals

A

body temperature

118
Q

2 groups of animal based on the ability to regulate body temp.

A
  1. warm-blooded

2. cold-blooded

119
Q

process of heat dissipation

A
  1. conduction
  2. convection
  3. radiation
  4. vaporization
120
Q

involves direct contact of the animal w/ a part of itsv environment

A
  1. conduction
121
Q

heat is transferred to or from the animal by the movement of the heated air particles;
affect by posture of the animal and other conditions affecting surface area

A
  1. convection
122
Q

transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves; no material medium or physical contact

A
  1. radiation
123
Q

most important process in heat dissipation by w/c animals lose heat to maintain a constant body temp;
heat loss from the skin and respiratory surfaces

A
  1. vaporization
124
Q

body temp. is normal w/o much regulation;

the environmental temp. at w/c the heat loss is equal to the minumum heat production

A

thermal neutrality

Animal Science (20 decks)

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