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Animal Science > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

branch of physiology dealing with coordination of various body tissues by chemical mediators produced by restricted ares of the body and transported the circulatory system to the organ or tissue on which they exert their effects.

A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

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2
Q

substance or chemical mediator produced by the endocrine glandsand secreted into the bloodstream

A

HORMONE

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3
Q

Classification of hormones according to composition:

A
  1. polypeptides
  2. glycoproteins
  3. amines
  4. steroids
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4
Q

each less than 100 amino acids long

ex. insulin - helps control glucose levels in the blood

A
  1. polypeptides
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5
Q

a polypeptide chain, longer than 100 amino acids;
attached to carbohydrate
ex. FSH and LH

A
  1. glycoproteins
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6
Q

hormones derived from amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan

A
  1. amines
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7
Q

lipids derived from cholesterol

ex. corticosteroids secretes from adrenal glands

A
  1. steroids
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8
Q

essential component of endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

functions of hypothalamus

A
  1. control of autonomic NS
  2. reception of sensory impulses from viscera
  3. intermediary between NS and ES
  4. control of body temp.
  5. regulation of body intake
  6. thirst center
  7. part of limbic system - emotios such as rage and agression
  8. part of reticular formation
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10
Q

3 lobes of pituitary gland or hypophysis

  1. anterior -
  2. intermediate -
  3. posterior -
A
  1. anterior - adenohypophysis
  2. intermediate - pars intermedia
  3. posterior - neurohypophysis
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11
Q

with two lobes connected by isthmus, bridge of tissues; maintains levels metabolism in the tissues optimal for the normal function;
secretes T4 and T3

A

thyroid gland

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12
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

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13
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

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14
Q

increases the basal metabolic rate of an individual

A

T4 thyroxine

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15
Q

stimulates the oxygen consumption and most of cells in the body, and helps regulate lipid and carbohydrates metabolism

A

T3 triiodothyronine

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16
Q

body wasting, nervousness, excess heat production

A

excess thyroid secretion

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17
Q

caused by thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)

A

grave’s disease (exopthalamic disorder)

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18
Q

simple goiter; lack of thyroxine secretion due to iodine deficiency in the diet

A

hypothyroidism

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19
Q

located near the thyroid gland
produces paratyhroid hormone (PTH)
stimulates tha calcitonin secretion in the thyroid gland in response to the increasing Ca level in the blood.

A

parathyroid gland

20
Q

increases the level of Ca in the blood by mobilization of Ca from the bones, and enhancement of Ca and P absorption from intestinal tract ( urinary phospahate exretion)

A

(PTH) Parathyroid hormone

21
Q

lowers Ca level

A

calcitonin

22
Q

2 division of adrenal gland

A
  1. adrenal cortex

2. adrenal medulla

23
Q

located at the anterior part of the kidney

A

adrenal gland

24
Q

hormones of adrenal cortex

A

1, glucocorticoids - cortisol

                         - cortisone
                         - corticosterone 2. aldosterone
25
Q

hormones of adrenal medulla

A

1, epinephrine (adrenalin)

2. noephinephrine

26
Q

secreted by zona fasciculate and zona reticularis

stimulates glycogenolysisand gluconeogenesis

A

glucocorticoids

27
Q

secreted by zona glomerulosa
regulates mineral metabolism and water balance;
regulates soduim metabolism by reabsorbing sodium from kidney tubules

A

aldosterone

28
Q

emergency hormone, increase heart rate, vasoconstriction

A

epinephrine (adrenalin)

29
Q

maintenance of blood pressure

A

noephinephrine

30
Q

located at the duodenal loop of small intestine

A

pancreas

31
Q

function of pancreas as exocrine gland:

A

acinar cells secrete pancreatic juices w/ digestive enzymes

32
Q

function of pancreas as edocrine gland:

A

islets of langerhans alpha and beta cells produce 2 diffrent hormones

33
Q

produces insulin w/c stimulates entry of glucose into the cells for metabolism
anabolic process: lowering blood glucose levels
increasing storage of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids.

A

beta cells

34
Q

excess insulin

A

hypoglycemia

35
Q

lack of insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

36
Q

produces glucagon w/c stimulates glycogenolysis
catabolic process: increasing blood glucose levels
mobilizing glucose, fatty acids and amino acids into the bloodstream

A

alpha cells

37
Q

excess glucagon

A

worsens diabetes

38
Q

lack of glucagon

A

can also cause hypoglycemia

39
Q

male gonad

A

testes

40
Q

produce nale gametes w/c is sperm

produces hormone testosterone for the devt of male chracteristics

A

testes

41
Q

female gonad

A

ovary

42
Q

produces female gametes w/c is ova

A

ovary

43
Q

produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin

A

ovary

44
Q

produces hormone testosterone for the devt of male chracteristics

A

testes

45
Q

to enhance female receptivity during estrus, development of accessory esx glands (mammary gland)

A

estrogen

46
Q

from corpus luteum to maintain pregnancy and to develop alveoli of mammary gland

A

progesterone

47
Q

for the relaxation of the cervix during parturition

A

relaxin

Animal Science (20 decks)

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