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Animal Science > ANIMAL BREEDING > Flashcards

ANIMAL BREEDING Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

art and science of the genetic improvement of farm animals

A

animal breeding

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2
Q

economically important traits in beef cattle (2)

A
  1. post weaning rate of gain

2. marbling score

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3
Q

economically important traits in dairy cattle (3)

A
  1. milk yield
  2. butter yield
  3. milk total solids
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4
Q

economically important traits in goat (3)

A
  1. multiple births (twinning)
  2. weaning weight
  3. milk yield
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5
Q

economically important traits in sheep (2)

A
  1. fleece weight

2. fiber diameter

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6
Q

economically important traits in horse (4)

A
  1. galloping speed
  2. trotting speed
  3. jumping style
  4. trotting pace length
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7
Q

economically important traits in chicken for meat (3)

A
  1. growth rate
  2. feed conversion ratio
  3. dressing percentage
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8
Q

economically important traits in chicken for eggs (4)

A
  1. egg production
  2. egg weight
  3. shell thickness
  4. haugh unit
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9
Q

economically important traits in ducks for eggs (4)

A
  1. egg production
  2. egg weight
  3. fertility
  4. yolk color
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10
Q

economically important traits in swine (4)

A
  1. ADG
  2. litter size
  3. loin eye area
  4. backfat thickness
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11
Q

may include selection, introduction of exotic animals (migration) and subsequent crossbreeding, induction of mutation and assortative and disassortative mating including inbreeding

A

SYSTEMS BREEDING

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12
Q

SYSTEMS BREEDING (3)

A
  1. selection
  2. inbreeding
  3. crossbreeding
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13
Q

process in w/c some individuals are chosen over others as parents of the next generation

A
  1. selection
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14
Q

measures the proportion of the total phenotypic variance that are attribute to the additive effects of genes that influence the given trait;
ranges from 0 - 1

A

heritability

*traits that are associated with reroduction (fertility and litter size) have LOWER heritabilities than those that are associated w/ physical conditions (body weight and back fat thickness)

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15
Q

suggests that all the phenotypic variation among individuals in the population is due to environmental and non-additive genetic effects

A

heritability value of 0

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16
Q

means that all the variability among individuals are only attributable to additive effect of genes

A

heritability of 1

17
Q

heritability of the following characteristics of cattle:

amount of spotting
adult body weight
milk production

A

heritability:

  1. 9
  2. 6
  3. 3
18
Q

heritability of the following characteristics of pigs:

percent of ham
litter size

A

heritability:

  1. 5
  2. 2
19
Q

heritability of the following characteristics of chicken:

egg size
adult body weight
egg production

A

heritability:

  1. 7
  2. 4
  3. 2
20
Q

form of non-random mating or a special case of assortative mating where individuals that are related by ancestry are mated together

A
  1. inbreeding
21
Q

an offspring of a cross between two genetically unlike individuals

A

hybrid

22
Q

reduction in fitness or vigor because of inbreeding or normally cross-pollinate organisms.

A

inbreeding depression

23
Q

the mating between animals of different established breed;
results to large improvement in the average performance of the F1 progeny over that of the parents (called hybrid vigor or heterosis effect) in the presence of large dominance effects this.

A
  1. crossbreeding
24
Q

involves the physical and physiological processes in both sexes leading to the fertilization of the egg by the sperm cell and the subsequent development of the young

A

animal reproduction

25
Q

process of inducing fertilization in the female reproductive tract w/o the benefit of sexual contact between the male and female animal

A

artificial insemination (AI)

26
Q

increase the rate of reproduction of the females that are selected to serve as an embryo donors to as much as 30 -50 times;
already been successfully demonstrated in cattle; not as widely practiced as AI

A

multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) technology

27
Q

process by w/c the female animals is induced to simultaneously ovulate more eggs that what is normally shed

A

multiple ovulation

28
Q

technique wherein a young embryo is collected from donor female parent and then implanted into the uterus of a recipient female parent

A

embryo transfer

Animal Science (20 decks)

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