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Animal Science > DAIRY PRODUCTION > Flashcards

DAIRY PRODUCTION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nature’s most perfect food;
with its assortment pf protein, fat, lactose (milk sugar), minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and water;
low in Fe, and vitamin C

A

MILK

*young animals consuming nothing but milk may develop anemia

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2
Q

nutritional importance of milk (2)

A
  1. contains all the essential amino acids needed by humans

2. the protein of milk is composed of casein, lactalbumin, globulin, and serum albumin

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3
Q

most abundant protein consistent in milk;

has many uses in addition to providing protein in the diet.

A

casein

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4
Q

is part of the enzyme system that synthesizes lactose in the mammary gland. it is part of the enzymes into milk as a by-product and becomes part of milk protein

A

lactalbumin

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5
Q

are structural parts of antibodies

A

protein globulins

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6
Q

first milk a female produces after the young is born;
contains antibodies that give the new born protection from harmful microorganisms that invade the body and causes illness

A

colostrum

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7
Q

other constituents of milk w/c are important in bone growth and other body functions

A
  • lactose

* minerals such as Ca and P

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8
Q

several vitamins in milk

A

vitamin A
vitamin B complex
vitamin D
Vitamin E

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9
Q

vitamin that help keep the intestinal tract and skin proper repair

A

vitamin A

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10
Q

vitamin that prevents scurvy (a disease characterized by bleeding, spongy gums and loose teeth

A

vitamin C

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11
Q

Required Dietary Allowance (RDA) for milk for filipinos

A

30 kg

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12
Q

milk consumption per filipino per year

A

16 kg/yr

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13
Q

milk consumption per filipino mean one day per capita food consumption

A

803 g

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14
Q

milk and milk products

A

44g (5.48%)

44 x 365 days = 16, 060 g

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15
Q

total milk required by 75 million filipinos

A

30kg x 75M = 2250Mkg

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16
Q

local production of milk

A

10.21 million kg

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17
Q

percentage of imports of cream and milk, mainly in powder form

A

91%

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18
Q

percentage imports of butterand butterfat

A

5%

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19
Q

percentage imports of curd

A

3%

20
Q

percentage imports of cheese

A

1%

21
Q

imported milk

A

1904.25 million kg (402.12M US dollar)

22
Q

source of milk importation

Australia =
New Zealand =
Netherlands =
USA =

A

Australia = 44.5%
New Zealand = 20.7%
Netherlands = 8.3%
USA = 7.4%

23
Q

exportation, basically exports of milk and cream products and dairy spreads

A
  1. 1M kg (14.04M US dollar)
24
Q

Act integrates all govt. dairy programs into the NDA or National Dairy Authority;
Signed into law by president Fidel V. Ramos on February 20, 1995 and became effective on March 12, 1995

A

Dairy Development Act of 1995 (R.A. 7884)

25
Q

organized in 1962 froim the Dairy Husbandry Division of the Department of animal Science UPLBCA;
mandated to conduct research and training in dairy production and technology

A

DTRI (Dairy Training and Research Institute)

26
Q

were developed mainly from the taurine species

A

conventional dairy cattle

27
Q

factors in choosing cattle for milk production (2)

A
  1. breed popular in the community

2. high salvage value of the animal

28
Q

breed that are being promoted by the government (2)

A
  1. Holstein

2. Bos indicus breed Sahiwal known as Australian Friesian Sahiwal (AFS)

29
Q

best indicators that a cow will remain a high producer for a long time;
dairy operators use this indicator in selction of dairy cows

A

*properly attched udder and strong feet

30
Q

dependent on reproduction since it is is secondary sex characteristics

A

milk production

31
Q

most dairymen agree with this ideal calving interval to maximize production and profit

A

month calving interval

  • a normal cow can be described as one that becomes pregnant on the 1st or 2nd service and produces a live healthy calf every 12 - 13 mos.
32
Q

bull’s volume of semen/ejaculate

A

varies from 2 - 15ml w/ average of 5- 6 ml

33
Q

sperm concentration

A

ranges from 1 - 3B sperm per ml , w/ an average of about 2B per ml.

34
Q

% motile cells

A

0 - 85%, average of 70%

35
Q

average ejaculate contains about how many motile cells?

A

7B
(5ml semen x 2 B/ml x 70%)

*in natural service, with these values no more than 15% abnormal sperm (head or tail abnormalities)

36
Q

bull service per yr in natural service

A

50 - 100 cows

37
Q

bull service per yr in AI

A

10,000 - 20,000 cows

38
Q

use to collect semen in AI

A

artificial vagina

39
Q

Artificial insemination (read)

A
  • volume is recorded and the ejaculate concentration (spematozoa per ml) motility and morphology)
  • an average ejaculate of 5ml semen that conatins 1.25B live cells per ml after freezing contains enough spematozoa for 500 - 600 inseminations.
40
Q

semen in AI should be diluted w/ ?

A

semen is diluted w/ an egg-yolk-citrate extender or milk base extender

41
Q

if semen in AI is to be frozen it should be diluted w/ ?

A

glycerol

42
Q

are calculated to yield a final motile spermatozoa per insemination of 10 - 12 M

A

dilution rates

43
Q

semen should be packaged in?

A

ampules or straws

44
Q

where the semen should be stored and temperature required?

A

frozen and stored usually in liquid Nitrogen storage tank at a temp of -300 to -320 deg F (-128 to -196 deg cel)

45
Q

viability period of semen that is maintained in correct temperature

A

it will remain viable for 10-15 yrs or more

46
Q

cow’s Reproductive Physiology (read)

A
  1. ova produced in follicle of the ovary, realease from follicle (ovulation)
  2. picked up the infindubilum of the oviduct
  3. move and fertilized in the oviduct (fertilization)
  4. moved in uterine horn (4-6 days)
  5. implanted in uterus (30-33days)
  6. embryo is carried in uterus while developing into a full term calf
  7. calf dischrage through cervix, vagina and vulva

Animal Science (20 decks)

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