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GOAT AND SHEEP PRODUCTION Flashcards

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1
Q

known as “biological herbicide” due to its browsing ability (browser)

A

goat - Capra hircus

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2
Q

diet of goat

A

40% grasses and 60% forbs (shrubs and herbs)

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3
Q

capable of nibbling bark of trees;
mobile lips;
walk long distance in search for food;
selective in term of feed preference (eats young shoot first)

A

GOAT

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4
Q

BIOLOGICAL LAWN MOWER (essentially grazers)

A

SHEEP - OVIS ARIES

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5
Q

Has flocking instinct - pecking order

less selective of feed offered than goats

A

SHEEP

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6
Q

CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

60 & 54

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7
Q

SOUNDS MADE BY GOAT AND SHEEP

A

MAAA AND BAAA

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8
Q

TAIL POSTURE AND CARRIAGE OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

UPWARD & DOWNWARD

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9
Q

FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

PARTLY BROWSER & PURELY GRAZER

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10
Q

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

INDIVIDUALISTIC & FLOCKING INSTINCT

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11
Q

LONG HAIR GROWTH OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

BEARD & MANE

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12
Q

SKIN COVERING OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

MOSTLY HAIR & MOSTLY WOOL

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13
Q

PRESENCE OF HORNS OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

NATURALLY HORNED & NATURALLY POLLED

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14
Q

PRESENCE OF SCENT GLANDS IN MALES OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

BASE OF HORN, BENEATH TAIL & BETWEEN HOOVES

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15
Q

GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF HORNS OF GOAT AND SHEEP

A

NARROWER, UPRIGHT, LESS CURVED & CURL IN LOOPS AT SIDES OF HEAD

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16
Q

one of the ideal farm enterprises if properly managed in farm

A

goat production

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17
Q 
study conducted by govnt agency observed that goats are multi-purpose ruminants
milk = 
meat = 
hide = 
fiber =
A 
producing:
milk = 58.5%
meat = 35.6%
hide = 4.3%
fiber = 1.7%
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18
Q

sheep breeds (5)

A
  1. barbados black belly
  2. priangan
  3. shropshire
  4. suffolk
  5. merino
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19
Q

sheep breed

originated in Barbados island w/ african ancestry; adapted to wide range of environment;
high reproductive efficiency;
hair type: sweet mutton;
black colors covers under parts completely extending up the neck and down the insides of the legs

A
  1. barbados black belly
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20
Q

sheep breed

originated in indonesia;
primarily for ram fighting and meat; thin tailed; often lacks external ears

A
  1. priangan
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21
Q

sheep breed

originated in england;
wool-type;
believed to be as one of the ancestors of the phillippine sheep

A
  1. shropshire
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22
Q

sheep breed

originated in england;
wool type;
meat
dark colored feces and legs

A
  1. suffolk
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23
Q

sheep breed

originated in spain;
finest wool producer;
the other ancestor of philippine sheep

A
  1. merino
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24
Q

goat breeds available in the philippines(6)
A. Dual purpose (2)
B. Dairy breeds (4)

A 
A. Dual purpose (2)
    1. anglo-nubian
    2. boer goats
B. Dairy breeds (4)
    3. saanen
    4. toggenburg
    5. alpine
    6. la mancha
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25
Q

basically a tropical breed in successfully adopted grow in the WESTERN COUNTRIES;
distinguishing features are DROOPING PENDULOUS EARS and a ROMAN NOSE

A
  1. anglo-nubian
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26
Q

are intended to be raised for meat and they grow more rapidly tha other goat breeds. they have a light-colored body and a distinction red head

A
  1. boer goats
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27
Q

originated in switzerland,

PURE WHITE TO OFF-WHITE in color and has the HIGHEST MIL PRODUCTION

A
  1. saanen
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28
Q

from switzerland;
smaller than nubian and saanen;
distinguishing feature are MARKINGS ON THE FACE, LEGS AND TAILS; ERECT EARS like the saanen

A
  1. toggenburg
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29
Q

also european breed;

color range from OFF-WHITE TO RED TO BLACK

A
  1. alpine
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30
Q

from spain/oregon;
very distintive ear types
“GOPHER EARS”, “ELF EAR”

A
  1. la mancha
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31
Q

STOCK SELECTION

A. DOES (4 considerations)

A
  1. number of offsprings weaned per yr
  2. animal mortality
  3. length of production life
  4. incidence of major defects
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32
Q

STOCK SELECTION

B. bucks (4 considerations)

A
  1. blood composition
  2. constitution and vigor
  3. breeding quality
  4. aggressiveness
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33
Q

buck male ratio

A

1: 35

* it is recommended to have minimum of two purebred or crossbreed bucks of different breeds

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34
Q

MANAGEMENT (GOATS) (read)

A
  • It is usual to see an offspring at the side of the mother even when rearing a kid of its own
  • their pack character is so very evident, w/ the oldest buck or doe on the highest part of the sleeping area.
  • they also have maintained their mountainous character.
  • goats prefer an ELEVATED AREA FOR RESTING. the arrangement and feature of the housing, including management practices, must then be adapted according to these characteristics
  • can be expected to live up to 13 - 15 yrs, w/ an average economic lifespan of 6 - 8 yrs.
  • in the phils., does come in-heat yr round w/ an average kidding interval of about 8 - 9 mos.
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35
Q

HOUSING (GOATS) (read)

A
  • All goats are afraid of rain and wetness, as these make them prone to pneumonia
  • they prefer to sleep in ELEVATED areas, therefore elevatedsleeping platform, like stair-type arrangement, and must be provided
  • flooring should be included and elevated at least about 15 to facilitate cleaning and drainage
  • separate pens should be provided for lactating does, kids, growers and bucks
  • the buck pen should be placed in such way that it will always be visible to the breeding does yet far enough to avoid transfer of the typical goat smell in case of lactating does when milk is to be sold
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36
Q

type of housing (goat)

A
  1. shed type

2. pre-barn type

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37
Q

type of housing
free movement in or out;
feeding/ watering trough, mineral feeders, grain bunks

A
  1. shed type
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38
Q 
type of housing
stall barns (individual confinement);
confined housing (group pens for same sizes of animals;
provision for feed and water shall be placed and protected from spoilage and will not mess up the pen
A
  1. pre-barn type
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39
Q

roofing materials that are preferrable in hot and humid areas

A

cogon and nipa

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40
Q

utmost importance. majority og pneumonia causes can be traced to excessively warm and humid interior and sudden changes in temp.

A

ventilation

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41
Q

ventilation

to create an adequate air circulation and lower draft

A

allow 0.5 - 1 ft, clearance bet floor to wall and wall to beam.

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42
Q

ventilation

desirable interior temp.

A

28 deg cel - 30 deg cel.

*it has been established that above 30 deg cel ruminants are inhibited from eating.

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43
Q

lighting (read)

A

may also be provided in the barns during the night. goats consume up to 30% of the day’s intake during the night when light is provided

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44
Q

is the cheapest and most effective fencing available locally

A

nine-eye hog wire

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45
Q

fencing (read)

A
  • post must be staked every 2m. goats are fond of pounding their feet and scrapingtheir bodies on fences so it must be sturdily built
  • barbwire fencing requires a minimum of four strands so it becomes more costly besides making goats prone to wounds
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46
Q

age at puberty (mos.) of bos taurus

A

8 mos.

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47
Q

age at puberty (mos.) of capra hircus

A

5-6 mos. (4 - 8 mos.)

48
Q

age at puberty (mos.) of ovis aries

A

7-8 mos

49
Q

age at 1st breeding (mos.) of bos taurus

A

15 mos.

50
Q

age at 1st breeding (mos.) of capra hircus

A

8-10 mos.

*breeder buck is allowed to breed at 10 - 12 mos. of age

51
Q

age at 1st breeding (mos.) of ovis aries

A

12 mos.

52
Q

estrus cycle (days) of bos taurus

A

18-24 days

53
Q

estrus cycle (days) of capra hircus

A

18-24 days

54
Q

estrus cycle (days) of ovis aries

A

15-19 days

55
Q

estrus duration (hours) of bos taurus

A

18 hrs.

56
Q

estrus duration (hours) of capra hircus

A

24-72 hrs. (2-3 days)

*ends after 18hrs from the onset

57
Q

estrus duration (hours) of ovis aries

A

24-72 hrs.

58
Q

post-partum estrus (days) of bos taurus

A

40-60 days

59
Q

post-partum estrus (days) of capra hircus

A

60 days

60
Q

post-partum estrus (days) of ovis aries

A

17 days

61
Q

gestation period (days) of bos taurus

A

283 days

62
Q

gestation period (days) of capra hircus

A

150 days/ (5mos.)

63
Q

gestation period (days) of ovis aries

A

150 days

64
Q

signs of estrous in goat (4)

A
  1. allowing themselves to be mounted
  2. mounting other animals
  3. mucous discharge from vulva; swollen vulva
  4. frequent urination, nervousness and lack of appetite
65
Q

male to female ratio (goats)

A

on the average, 25 females are allowed to be bred w/ single one yr old buck

66
Q

care breeder buck (read)

A
  • potential male breeders are immediately separated from the herd after weaning at 3 - 4 mos.
  • select animals when they are 8 - 10 mos.
67
Q

care of dry and pregnant does

A
  1. to reserve for next lactation, dry (stop milking) the doe at 1 and 1/2 to 2 mos before kidding date
  2. put all dry in one compartment
  3. one week before kidding, place in separate kidding pen
  4. avoid any form of noises in kidding area
  5. be sure presentation ( either anterior or posterior) is right before attempting to pull out the kid because dystocia, or difficult delivery is common in these cases
  6. oversized kids should be pulled out w/ an even, continous pressure.
68
Q

both front legs and head are presented

A

anterior presentation

69
Q

both hind limbs come out at the same time

A

posterior presentation

70
Q

care of the lactating doe and new born kids

A
  1. immediate after delivery, wipe kid’s mouth, nose and eyes w/ clean, dry cloth and massage thoracic area to initiate breathing, normally this is done by mother, but somethimes the mother is too weak to do it. be sure no mucous clogging the nostrils
  2. if colostrum in the udder is not fully consumed by kid, stopping (manually milking out excess) will be necessary to prevent mastitis
  3. placenta must come out w/in 24 hrs from expulsion of fetus
  4. tie the umbilical cord w/ sterile string and apply disinfectant (tincture of iodine) on the cut portion
  5. allow the kids to suckle for first 4 to 5 days. if the doe is to be milked, separate the kids from the mother and start feeding using baby bottle (8 oz. size)
  6. if doe is not to be milked, the doe can be taken out of the pen for feeding and returned to the kid3x a day and whole night
  7. does weaned 4 - 5 days, return to heat after 1 - 2 mos.
  8. 2 services a day for 2 days is optimum, when doe comes to heat introduce it to buck not vice versa
  9. higher conception is accomplished in secondary heat.
71
Q

milking (read)

A
  1. like in cattle, milking periods must be established and strictly adhered to. process should not be advance or delay
  2. unnecessary changes in routine should be avoided same personnel should be assigned, because goat can withhold their milk
  3. milk quickly and continously
  4. feed concentates during milking
  5. during milking, buck should not near the doe so as not to transfer the typical goat smeall to the milk
72
Q

care of weanling and growing kids

A
  1. placed all weaned kids in separate pen, if possible according to size
  2. male kids intended for meat, castrate as early pereferrably w/ in the 1st month
  3. female kids intended for milking, check for excess teats and have them removed
  4. horn buds appear w/in 1st - 3rd mos. dehorn size of fingernail
  5. separate male and female at the age of 4 mos. they reach puberty at this age.
  6. start breeding female and male 8 - 10 mos.
73
Q

breeding

cycle of type in goat

A

polyestrus

74
Q

buck to doe ratio

A

1: 35

* older bucks can cover up to 35 doe services per yr.

75
Q

best breeding time of goat

A

daily during estrus

*best breeding age will be 10 - 12 mos. depending on desired weight.

76
Q

it is very common in crossing natives w/ large pure-breeds due to the invariability large size of the unborn kids

A

dystocia

77
Q

failure to come in heat;
common problem most particularly w/ high producing does;
several hormones, prostaglandin, progesterone sponges and implants and pregnant mare serum (PMS) have been used w/ varying rates of success;
routine administration of oxytocin right after kidding and before weaning (5 days) aids in faster expulsion of the placenta, uterine fluids in the rapid regression of the uterus;
routine viutamin A, D, E supplementation to breeding herds also contributes to reproductive well-being

A

ANESTRUS

78
Q

a method of breeding w/ enables goat raisers to utilize far away proven bucks for impregnating their in-heat does;
IN THE PHILIPPINES IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY DONE AT national rural life center (NLRC) in dasmarinas, cavite where the kid goat, A.1 was born;
this is also being tried in Iloilo, w/c receives shipments of frozen goat semen from NLRC

A

GOAT ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

79
Q

this will cause lameness and make it prone to foot rot. bucks refuse to mount when having sore feet;
rose pruner and small curved knife are adequate tools

A

HOOF TRIMMING

*goats hooves under confinement are usually overgrown

80
Q

DEHORNING (READ)

A

especially in milking, dehorning is essential;
a dehorned animal is more docile than a horned one. it will also eliminate unnecessary wounds due to fighting;
dehorn when horn buds appear (2 - 4 mos.) using hot iron cautery;
1/2 inch GI pipe is an effective and cheap material for cauterizing;
chemical cautery is not preferred because kids tend to lick one another and may therefore lead to cauterized or burned tongues

81
Q

CASTRATION (READ)

A
  • castration of unwanted male goats is preferred w/in the 1st month of age
  • castrated male grow faster than uncastrated males and are free of the goaty male odor
82
Q

TATTOOING, EAR NOTCHING AND OTHER FORMS OF IDENTIFICATION (READ)

A
  • in order to keep track of individual animals, a postive identification is needed. no recording is possible w/o this.
  • ear notching is more common because of permanence and easy identification. refrain from using plastic tags.
  • tattooing causes no deformities but requires special tools that may be costly
83
Q

RECORDING (READ)

A
  • for a good breeding herd program, proper and well-kept recording system is necessary.
    the record must reflect all the essential data of individual animals
84
Q

feeding method practiced in bukidnon province where rainfall pattern is almost distributed throughout the yr.

A

combined method of confinement and grazing system

85
Q

shall be introduced during rainy season.

A

purely cut-and-carry-system

86
Q

during sunny days if grazing pastures is available,

A

animals are allowed to graze in the morning up to 10am and then feed in confinement for the rest of the day

87
Q

land area needed to support 50 head/year when a combined grazing and confinement method is adopted

A

2 hectares

88
Q

recommended division of grazing pasture for convenience in grazing mngt.

A

divided into 9 paddocks

89
Q

traditional way of rearing goat in the backyard w/ 2 or more households

A

tethering

*however, during rainy days and night time, the animals are kept inside the house.
normally, the animals consume lesser amount of feed based on dry matter req. per head/day

90
Q

they need concentrate supplementation and as much as possible, planted grasses for cut-and-carry be available to provide the desired nutrional requirement of the animals

A

tethered animals

91
Q

in order to provide enough feed supply in the whole yr round, especially during summer

A

forage conservation

92
Q

FEED REQUIREMENTS

AGE - BIRTH - 3 DAYS
FEED (1) AND AMOUNT

A
  1. Colostrum - ad libitum (3 - 5x feeding)
93
Q

FEED REQUIREMENTS

AGE - 4 days - 2 weeks
FEED (3) AND AMOUNT

A
  1. whole milk ( goat or cow milk) - 0.5 li/kid divided into
    3x feeding
  2. vitamin-mineral - Ad libitum
  3. water - Adlibitum
94
Q

FEED REQUIREMENTS

AGE - 2 weeks-16weeks
FEED (5) AND AMOUNT

A
  1. whole milk/milk replacer - 0.5 li/kid divided into
    2x feeding)
  2. grass-legume hay or quality fresh forages - Adlibitum
  3. vitamin-mineral mix
  4. water - Adlibitum
  5. Starter (22% CP) - increasing amount w/o causing digestive upset
95
Q

FEED REQUIREMENTS

AGE - 4 months kidding
FEED (3) AND AMOUNT

A
  1. forage - Ad libitum
  2. vitamin-mineral mix - Ad libitum
  3. water concentrates (16-18% CP) - 0.2 - 0.7 kg/hd.m
96
Q

FEED REQUIREMENTS

dry, pregnant, bucks
FEED (3) AND AMOUNT

A
  1. forage - Ad libitum
  2. vitamin-mineral mix - Ad libitum
  3. water concentrates (16-18% CP) - Ad libitum
97
Q

FEED REQUIREMENTS

lactating
FEED (3) AND AMOUNT

A
  1. forage - Ad libitum
  2. vitamin-mineral mix - Ad libitum
  3. water concentrates (16-18% CP) - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/li of milk produced
98
Q

SANITATION (READ)

A
  • have pens cleaned daily and washed at least 3x a week

* disinfect at least 2x a month

99
Q

DEWORMING (READ)

A

*PARASITES rank second in causing heavy mortality.
from experience, TAPEWORMS are the most debilitating worm problem in all ages of goats.
*PROTOZOA-like COCCIDIA and AMOEBA are also common problems especially in young kids
*have your goats checked regularly for specific worm load and deworm regularly depending on worm load and seasonal occurrences. know what kind of internal parasite is affecting your herd before attempting to use a deworming product, or else it will be a waste of money and effort

100
Q

EXTERNAL PARASITE (READ)

A
  • LICE and TICKS are common problems
  • when these are observed, apply acaricide or chemical against lice and ticks, in powder or dust form. this can be done by mixing the powder-form chemicals w/ 7 -140 parts of starch or flour and apply as dusting powder. refrain from using the liquid or spray form
101
Q

common infection diseases of goat (16)

A
  1. bacterial pneumonia
  2. infectious arthritis
  3. mastitis
  4. foot and mouth disease (FMD)
  5. brucellosis
  6. hemorrhagic septicemia
  7. blackleg
  8. tetanus
  9. parasitic gastroentritis
  10. parasitic pneumonia
  11. tapeworm infection
  12. liverfluke infection
  13. lice infestation
  14. mange
  15. bloat
  16. acute indigestion or grain overload
102
Q

mode of transmission
direct contact from infected or contaminated udder; navel infection, genital or intra uterine infection of dam, contaminated environment

Symptoms
fever, inability to suckle, nasal discharge, coughing and respiratory distress
gradual emaciation may terminate as pneumonia-entritis combination. death is common

prevention
proper nursing in clean, dry environment.
early cases respond in antibiotic treatment

A

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

103
Q

mode of transmission
direct, through mouth, skin, open wounds via umbilicus

Symptoms
swollen knees, lameness, pain if pressure is applied on affected joint. fever may be presen. joints involved are hock, knee, elbow, and stifle. animals prefer recumbency, appetite affected w/ gradual deterioration

Prevention
minimize infection by treating wounds (castration & navel) dressing, hygiene mngt. especially in areas of confinement. treatment includes wide spectrum antibiotics and sulfa drugs

A

INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS

104
Q

mode of transmission
direct or indirect

Symptoms
hot, painful and swollen udder. may become red due to inflammation later changing to dark reddish-blue indicating necrosis of udder tissue. milk may be bloodstained, may contain flakes or clots.
fever loss of appetite, depression and dehydration;
gait or movement of doe is affected

prevention
proper treatment of injured atiseptic; disinfecting udders for milking and proper milking technique.
monitor by surveillance to detect early cases for immediate isolation and teatment

treatment
intramammary infusion of antibiotics. early and repeated treatment needed to prevent complications such as gangrene and toxemia

A

MASTITIS

105
Q

mode of transmission
direct or indirect contact w/ naturally infected animals, carriers, implements other infected materials;
blister fluid, saliva and other bodily discharges highly infected

symptoms
fever vesicles, erosion in between hooves, coronary band junction between skin and hoop, teats and udders oral mucosa and tongue
raw ulceration follow rupture of vesicles, stingy or foamy salvation, smocking of the lips, difficulty in feed ingestion; staggering fait and lameness.
abortion in pregant animals

Prevention
immediate notification of the authorities. designation of quarantine areas w/ virudical agents (commercial disinfectant or lye caustic soda);
animals should be kept on dry ground and lesions treated w/ mild antiseptic (5% formalin);
mass immunization and effective restriction in movement of animals and carriers is necessary

A

FOOD AND MOUTH DISEASE (FMD)

106
Q

mode of tansmission
ingestion of contaminated feed and water. aborted fetus, fatal membrane, placenta, urine and uterine discharge are main sources of infection. infected males may transfer disease through natural/artificial breeding

symptoms
infertility, abortion, retained placenta, persistent vaginal discharge. in males, swollen and painful testicles w/ subsequent infertility sterility.

Prevention
blood tests and removal of infected animals;
vaccination may be tried;
antibiotic medication is found to be impractical

A

BRUCELLOSIS

107
Q

mode of transmission
ingestion of inhalation of infective agent. maybe normally present in the nasopharyngeal area but predisposition causes flare-up of infection

Symptoms
high fever, loss of appetite
respiratory distress, salivation, nasal discharge, swelling of throat and brisket congestion of mucous membrane, diarrhea becoming bloody later

Prevention
prophylactic vaccination
removal of predisposition when possible
early treatment w/ parental antibiotics and sulfa drugs

A

HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA

108
Q

mode of transmission
infection initiated by trauma of the body and oral mucosa. cases in larger ruminants may be source of infection in the area

Symptoms
sudden death in acute cases;
less acute: depression fever, rapid respiration and suspended ruminatism;
typically, not painful swelling in thigh and leg muscles. crackling sensation on palpitation of swelling due to gas in tissues

Prevention
lameness in affected limb;
vaccination;
cremation of carcasses;
early isolation and treatment w/ massive doses of antibiotics
A

BLACKLEG

109
Q

mode of transmission
direct or indirect die to introduction of organism in wounds. castration, old ulcerating wounds, dehorning complications. not contagious to other animals

Symptoms
early stages characterize by rigidity and stiffness of muscles, stilthy gait.
late stages: w/ tetanic convulsions,
prolapse of 3rd eyelid, stiff tail, head and neck thrown back; hyper-excitability

Prevention
bloat and other nervous signs. treat wound w/ oxidizing antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide) until completelyhealed; use clean instrument castration, dehorning

A

TETANUS

110
Q

mode of transmission
commonly transmitted through direct infection w/ parasitic larval stages through herbages, less commonly through skin penetration and intrauterine infcetion in some species

Symptoms
poor body condition: anemia, diarrhea, potbelly and weakness

Prevention
regular deworming w/ effective anthelmintics (tetramisole, parbendazole, thiabendazole, pyrantel);
pasture rotation and improve feeding practices

A

PARASITIC GASTROENTIRITIS

111
Q

mode of transmission
infection w/ the parasite in the larval stage through herbage

Symptoms
as in parasitic gastro-enteritis for general signs;
specific symptom include persistent husky, coughing, respiratory distress

Prevention
regular deworming w/ tetramisole albendazole or exfendazole;
general prevention as parasitic gastro enteritis

A

PARASITIC PNEUMONIA

112
Q

mode of transmission
through ingestion of plant mites w/c are intermediate hosts

Symptoms
some as other internal parasitism, passage of tapeworm segments in the feces

Prevention
regular deworming

A

TAPEWORM INFECTION

113
Q

mode of transmission
direct infection through ingestion of parasitic stage in grasses. presence of this stage related to avail ability of snail host;
common in low-lying communities w/ water logged areas, rivers, streams, and stagnat pools

Symptoms
similar to parasitic gastro enteritis

Prevention
regular deworming w/ flukecides, control of snail hosts; pasture improvements, keep animals away from known infected sources of herbage;
deworming at proper intervals (3-4 times a yr) is the only practical approach;
consult veterinarians for proper drug, dosage and intervals

A

LIVERFLUKE INFESTATION

114
Q

mode or transmission
direct or indirect w/ infested animals or indirectly through the environment of facilities

Symptoms
constant scratching and rubbing;
scurfy coat (danfruff) and encrustation of exudates w/ scabby deposit. loss of hair, raw skin and bruises in severe infestation;
animals become unthrifty, poor thriving, weak and anemic

Prevention
use insecticide (asuntol, ciodrin, diazonin, neguvon, supona, nankor, etc.)
in dust form solution, repeat treatment in 10-14 days to kill all nymphs w/ hatch out.
also, spray pens and lifter. isolate treated from untreated animals

A

LICE INFESTATION

115
Q

mode of transmission
direct or indirect contact w/ infected animals

Symptoms
marked itchiness and irritation w/ animals constantly rubbing or licking affected areas;
maybe patchy or generalized, skin becomes hairless, thickened or scabby.

Prevention
periodic examination to detct early cases. regular spraying w/ effective acxarides such as malathion, trichlorfon, fentnion;
diazonin, crotoxyphos or coumaphos;
interval of treatment should be 7-10 days w/ 2-3 applications to destroy mites that have hatched after each treatment

A

MANGE

116
Q

mode of transmission
non-contagious

Symptoms
swollen left flank w/c is resonant when tapped. signs of colic such as uneasiness, difficult respiration, bloating and absence or rumen movements

Prevention
feed straw or fibrous diets before turning loose on lush pasture. punture rumen w/ large needle;
oils and fats (mineral oil. vegetable oil or to prevent foaming tallow) are satisfactory in the rumen. commercial antibloat preparations are avlinox, tympanol, and bloatyguard

A

BLOAT

117
Q

mode of transmission
non-contagious

Symptoms
signs appear from 10-36 hrs after dietary changes.
depression, loss of appetite, abdominal distention causing pain and discomfort. diarrhea develops.;
rapis respiration and pulse, in coordination, weakness, coma and health

Prevention
avoid sudden dietary changes. treatment generally changes. treatment generally unsatisfactory.
early cases may respond to high atibiotic levels given orally to reduce population of acid-forming bacteria, (acidosis) indigestion may be treated w/ anti-acids like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), mg carbonate or mg hydroxide given orally in warm water (1gm/kg body weight) to neutralize rumen acidity. systematic acid requires intravenous injection of acid neutralizers like 5% sodium bicarbonate repeatedly given

A

ACUTE INDIGESTION OR GAIN OVERLOAD

Animal Science (20 decks)

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