CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
consists of the heart, blood, and the blood vessels
CVS
aortic arterial pressure rises to its highest point
systole
aortic arterial pressure falls to its lowest point
diastole
initiated by depolarization of the sino-atrial node, contraction is spontaneous
heart
mammalian heart 4 chambers
upper: 2atria
lower: 2 ventricles
prevents backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium during ventricular systole
A-V valve or atrio-ventricular valve
prevent backflow of the blood from the blood vessels into the ventricles during diastole
aortic and pumonary valves
valve on the right
tricuspid
valve on the left
bicuspid (mitral)
cardiac pacemaker
sino-atrial node (SA node)
caused by the closure of mitral and tricuspid valve
first sound (low and slight): “lub”
caused by the closure of ortic and pulmonary valves just after the end of the ventricular systole
second sound (shorter and high pitch) “dub”
sequence
atrial systole - ventricular systole - diastole (relaxation of heart muscles)
arterial palpation of a heartbeat;
wave of systolic pressure w/c starts at the heart and spreads throughout the arterial network;
occurs due to the filling of the arteries from the left venticles w/ oxygenated blood during systole
determine to measure the rate or heartbeat
pulse or pulse wave
pulse rate per minute and location in feeling of artery in carabao and cattle
54 - external maxillary artery lower jaw; and at the coccygeal artery at the base of the underneath of tail
pulse rate per minute and location in feeling of artery in goat
78 - femoral artery
pulse rate per minute and location in feeling of artery in horse
38 - external maxillary artery; middle of lower jaw
pulse rate per minute and location in feeling of artery in chicken
200-400 - auscultation method using stethoscope at chest region
blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery)
artery
carries unoxygenated blood back to the heart
except pulmonary veins
vein
carries unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the lungs
pulmonary artery
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary veins
supplies blood to the heart
coronary circulation
supplies arterial blood into the liver
hepatic circulation
supplies arterial blood into the brain
cerebral circulation
supplies arterial blood into the kidney
renal circulation
supplies arterial blood into the digestive tract
splanchic circulation
thick suspension of cellular elements in an aqueous solution of electrolytes;
circular tissue composed of blood cells, plasma, and other dissolved substances
BLOOD
2 CATEGORIES OF BLOOD
- cells
2. plasma
fluid portion of the blood containing a number of ions, inorganic molecules, and organic molecules w/c are in transport of other substances
BLOOD PLASMA
normal plasma volume
3-5% of the body weight
three blood cells
- leukocytes (WBC)
- erythrocytes (RBC)
- thrombocytes (platelets)
classification of leukocytes (WBC)
- granulocytes
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
(neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), most numerous WBC; main function is to phagocyte
- granulocytes
large and non-nuclear; actively phagocytic
- monocytes
mostly formed in the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus; believed to produce antibodies and counteract toxins
- lymphocytes
responsible for the defense/protection of the body.
- leukocytes (WBC)
contain red pigment hemoglobin
biconcave disks manufacturede in the bone marrow
carries oxygen for distribution to the different tissues
- erythrocytes (RBC)
collects itself amd stick into the wall of the injured site, and liberate serotonin w/c leads to local vasoconstriction;
liberates thromboplasrin w/c is essential for blood clotting
- thrombocytes (platelets)
complex conjugated globular protein containing iron responsible for its oygen-carrying property
hemoglobin
