reproductive system

Question 1

male gametes

Answer 1

sperm

X or Y chromosomes

Question 2

female gametes

Answer 2

ovum

X only chromosome

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

cell produced by the fusion of male and female gametes— develops into new organism

Question 4

female gonads

Answer 4

1.) produce gametes- ove
2.) produce sex hormones
estrogen and progesterone

Question 5

male gonads

Answer 5

1.) produce gametes- sperm
2.) produce sex hormones
testosterone

Question 6

epididymis

Answer 6

site of sperm maturation

c- testis

Question 7

prostates

Answer 7

secretes slightly acidic fluid into semen that promotes sperm motility and viability

Question 8

seminal vesicles

Answer 8

secretes alkaline viscous into semen

provides fructose for sperm ATP production

Question 9

seminiferous tubules

Answer 9

site of sperm production (spermatogenesis)

Question 10

bulbourethral (cowper’s gland)

Answer 10

secretes alkaline sustance into semen (neutralizes acid in urethra) and mucus , lubrication

Question 11

testosterone

Answer 11

stimulates male development and descent of testes before birth
stimulates protein anabolism ( growth and muscle strength)
development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics

Question 12

secondary male characteristic (testosterones)

Answer 12

Muscle and skeletal growth  broad shoulders, narrow hips
Increased muscle strength
Pubic, axillary , facial and chest hair
Laryngeal enlargement  deep voice
Increased sebaceous gland secretions

Question 13

composition of sperm

Answer 13

Semen = sperm + seminal fluid
2.5 - 5 ml / ejaculation; 50 - 150 million sperm / ml
slightly alkaline (pH 7.2 - 7.7)
milky appearance
provides transport medium for sperm : nutrients, antibiotics

Question 14

pathway of sperm

Answer 14

seminiferous tubules (spermatogenesis)—– epididymis ( maturation) —- vas deferens— ejaculatory ducts— urethra

Question 15

fallopian tubes

Answer 15

transport oocytes from ovaries to uterus, normal site of fertilization

Question 16

corpus albicans

Answer 16

fibrous tx- results from degeneration of corpus luteum

Question 17

corpus of luteum

Answer 17

remains of rupture mature follicle following ovulation; produces progesterone and estrogen
promote growth of the endometrial lining of the uterus to prepare for implantation

Question 18

3 layers of uterus

Answer 18

1.) perimetrium- protective
2.) myometrium- muscle, during childbirth, contractions of this layer help to deliver baby
3.) endometrium
highly vascular mucus membrane,
upper layer regularly develops and is shed during menstruation in cyclic females
implantation of fertilized ovum and development of placenta during pregnancy

Question 19

1. ) menstrual phase

Answer 19

(1-5 days)
shedding of the uterine lining (due to low levels of estrogen and progesterone)
in ovary, secondary follicles begin to develop under influence of FSH

Question 20

2.) preovulatory phase

Answer 20

6-13 days
ovarian cycle - Follicular phase)
dominant (Graafian) follicle matures, bulges on ovarian surface
follicular cells secrete estrogen (influenced by FSH) level of LH increases

Question 21

3.) ovulation

Answer 21

day 14
Attempts to determine ovulation:
body temperature rises 1 C at ovulation
peak level of LH can be measured in blood

Question 22

4.) postovulatory phase

if fertilization occurs

Answer 22

15 day-28
hCG from developing placenta maintains corpus luteum past the normal two week life span
placenta eventually secretes estrogens and progesterone

Question 23

postovulatory phase

fertilization does not occur

Answer 23

LH secretion maintains corpus luteum for 2 weeks only
corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans;
estrogen and progesterone levels drop
 menstruation occurs
 negative feedback - release of GnRH, LH and FSH stimulate growth of new follicle

Question 24

implantation

Answer 24

normally in the uterus 5-7 days after fertilization

Question 25

placenta

Answer 25

Two key functions
secretes six hormones to support pregnancy:
2. allows oxygen, nutrients and wastes to diffuse between the mother’s blood supply and the developing fetus’ blood supply (functions as fetal lungs and liver)
as fetal lungs and liver