fluid, electrolytes, acids and bases

Question 1

distribution of body fluid

Answer 1

2/3 is ICF- inside cell

1/3 is ECF- 80% interstitial and 20% plasma (vessels, capillaries)

Question 2

functions of water in the body

Answer 2

1.)solvent
2.)chemical reactant
3/) lubricant
4.) moderate temp. changes
5/) coolant, perspiration

Question 3

what are sensible loses

Answer 3

measurable losses of fluid

urination, defecation, wound drainage

Question 4

insensible loses

Answer 4

unmeasurable losses such as evaporation from skin

Question 5

definition of dehydration

Answer 5

lost of water but not salt

Question 6

isotonic

Answer 6

salt and solvent are balanced

Question 7

hypertonic

Answer 7

too much salt (solute)

Question 8

hypotonic

Answer 8

too much solvent (water)

Question 9

bulk flow of fluids

Answer 9

movement of fluid btw compartment 
capillaries---interstitial ---cells 
cells--interstitial---- capillaries 
rout A- lymphatic 15 %
route B nervous capillaries (85%)

Question 10

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

force against wall vessels (BHP) systolic

this forces fluid out of the vessels into the interstitial

Question 11

osmotic pressure

Answer 11

water follows the salt, high to low concentration of water molecules !!-

Question 12

oncotic pressure

Answer 12

osmotic pressure of a colloid solution, cause by the presence of a large molecule such as protein. these particles draw water towards them

Question 13

edema

Answer 13

retention of fluid in the interstitial, causes the tissue to swell. cause by high hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

two factors of osmotic pressure

Answer 14

major factor is to balance diff ion concentration btw the two compartments. sodium-potassium pumps. second factor is cytosol contains a large number of negatively charge proteins then pos molecules are attracted.

Question 15

baroreceptors

Answer 15

respond to fall in arterial blood pressure
located in vena cava, aorta and carotoid sinus.
vasocontriction in kidneys results in retention in water

Question 16

volume receptor

Answer 16

respond to fluid excess in the atria and great vessels.

Stimulating of these results in urine output

Question 17

hypovolemia

Answer 17

isotonic fluid loss from the ECF space, caused by hemorrhage

Question 18

hypovolemic shock

Answer 18

caused by the progression of hypovolemia, inability to deliver o2 to tx

Question 19

hypervolemia

Answer 19

excess fluid in the ECF compartment as a result of fluid or Na+ retention.