neural control

Question 1

apneustic

Answer 1

apneusis - abnormal respiration marked by sustained inspiratory effort, gasping type of inspiration, breath hold
Continually sends impulses that stimulate the inspiratory neurons of the medulla
This continuous flow of impulses requires suppression and normally receives it:
pneumotaxic center
lung inflation (Hering-Breuer)
If unsuppressed, apneustic ventilatory pattern occurs (prolonged or gasping, breath hold)

Question 2

pneumotaxic

Answer 2

Pneumotaxic
concerning the regulation of breathing, regulates inspiratory time and respiratory rate
limit inspiratory phase and therefor RR and Vt
suppress apneustic center
fine-tune the rhythmicity of breathing pattern

Question 3

chemoreceptors

Answer 3

Chemoreceptor
a sense organ or sensory nerve ending that is stimulated by and reacts to certain chemical stimuli and that are located outside the central nervous system.
Found in the large arteries of the thorax and neck (carotid and aortic bodies), the taste buds, and the olfactory cells of the nose

Question 4

propioreceptors

Answer 4

Proprioreceptor
proprioceptor - a receptor that responds to stimuli that originate within the body itself, especially one that responds to pressure, position, or stretch

Question 5

baroreceptor

Answer 5

a sensory nerve ending that is stimulated by changes in pressure.
Found in the walls of the atria of the heart, vena cava, aortic arch, and carotid sinus

Question 6

primary/ secondary muscles during insp.

Answer 6

intercostal muscles and diaphragm

secondary are larynx, pharynx and your tongue, sternocloidomastoid, nares

Question 7

DRG

Answer 7

Chiefly consists of inspiratory neurons
DRG receives inspiratory impulses form:
central chemoreceptors
peripheral proprioreceptors
peripheral chemoreceptors
stretch receptors
higher brain centers
Evaluation and prioritization of these impulses occurs in the DRG
Integrates most sensory information to help regulate rate,  Vt in coordination with pons

Question 8

VRG

Answer 8

Contain both inspiratory and expiratory neurons
Inspiratory:
Upper airway innervation (larynx and pharynx) is mediated here - stimulation opens these airways via abduction and decreased resistance to airflow occurs

Stimulation diaphragm and external intercostals stimulated and during exercise, accessory muscles``

Question 9

central chemoreceptors

Answer 9

they are responsible for monitoring the H+ in the CSF.