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anatomy and physiology > chemical recation s > Flashcards

chemical recation s Flashcards

1
Q

electron shell is up to

A

7 shells

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2
Q

what are isotopes

A

nucleic with the same atomic number but different mass number, very unstable

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3
Q

definition of half life

A

the time it takes for X to loose half of his activity

as time increases a half…… reaction decrease a half as well

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4
Q

definition of valence

A

the outer electron shell, they can combine with other elements to either fill or empty their outer share- for stability

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5
Q

what is potential energy ?

A

energy that is inactive or stored

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6
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy that is in motion

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7
Q

chemical energy

A

energy store in chemical bonds

energy is released when these bonds break

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8
Q

electrical energy

A

from the movement of charge particles
electrons/ions
used in muscle and nervous tissue

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9
Q

what are the three chemical bonds

A

ionic,covalent,hydrogen

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10
Q

what an ion and an electrolyte

A

an ion is positive/neg charge particle

an electrolyte is the dissociation of an ion in solution (ionization)

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11
Q

what’s a cation and an anion

A

a cation is positively charged ion and a anion is neg charge ion

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12
Q

an ionic bond is form by

A

an electron donor and an electron acceptor (opp attract)

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13
Q

a covalent bond is

A

is a bond form by valence( sharing outer layer electrons)

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14
Q

polar vs non polar

A

polar is e- is shared unevenly, one side could be more neg (creates electronegativity )
non polar is even sharing of electrons

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15
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

weak bonds that are form when hydrogen attaches to other atoms
hydrogen bonds shapes the molecule which makes it change in function

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16
Q

what 2 factors affects chemical rx ?

A
  1. )temperature the higher the temp. the faster the reaction
  2. ) concentration- molecules need to collide in order to react
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17
Q

definition for exergonic is >

A

releases more heat than it absorbs

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18
Q

definition for endergonic

A

absorbs more heat than it releases

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19
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to initiate a chemical rx( this is faster with a catalyst(enzyme), by lowering the A.E

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20
Q

oxidase

A

add o2 catalyst

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21
Q

dehydratase

A

removes hydrogen ATP split

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22
Q

decomposition

A

large molecules are broken down into smaller units (catabolism)

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23
Q

synthesis

A

build up of larger molecules by smaller units (anabolism)

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24
Q

exchange

A

both anabolic + catabolic Rx, maintain balance

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25
Q

oxidation

A

lose of electrons, become more positive

26
Q

reduction

A

gaining of electrons become more neg

27
Q

free radicals

A

unpaired electrons in outer wall (superoxide free radical)

28
Q

antioxidants

A

substance that inactivates free radical( source is veg/fruits)

29
Q

inorganic compounds

A

they are small and do not contain carbon. many ionic bonds e.g water

30
Q

organic compound

A

contains carbon

many covelant bonds

31
Q

what is a solution >

A

a combination of a solvent and a solute

32
Q

what is a colloid ?

A

solute is dissolved and dispersed evenly in the solvent but the solute particles are large enough to scatter light. if it does not dispersed evenly is called sedimentation

33
Q

what;s suspension ?

A

when materials mix with the liquid (float) for some time before it settle out

34
Q

acid

A

a substances that upon dissociation produces Hydrogen ions. is a proton donor

35
Q

base

A

substance that upon dissociation produces hydroxide ions. is a proton acceptor

36
Q

salt

A

produces ions other than hydrogen or hydrogen oxide

37
Q

acidosis

A

to much hydrogen concentration in blood

38
Q

alkalosis

A

to much concentration of OH-

39
Q

buffer system

A

consist of a weak acid or base. Is used to modify the effects of a strong acid or base. doesn’t prevent a change but rather minimize the change

40
Q

buffer system equation

A

carbonic acid (weak acid) into a weak base. blood uses this to balance PH in body

41
Q

polymer

A

formed by many repeating small molecules (monomers)
formed by dehydration synthesis
covalent bonded

42
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

when monomers join together by the removal of water

43
Q

hydrolysis

A

Rxn macromolecules is broken down into its monomers

requires addition water

44
Q

what are the three major groups of organic component >?

A

1/) carbohydrates
2.)lipids
3,) proteins

45
Q

three major components of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

PRINCIPLE IS ENERGY SOURCE,FUEL

46
Q

monosaccharides

A

composed of one monomer(simple sugar) contains 3-7 carbons

47
Q

disaccharides

A

two monosaccharide joined by dehydration synthesis

48
Q

polysaccharide

A

many monosaccharide joined together by dehydration synthesis. glycogen is the principle polysaccharide in body. stored in liver and skeletal muscles

49
Q

lipids

A

1-25% of body mass

few polar covalent bonds >insoluble in polar solvents (water)- hydrophobic

50
Q

three main lipids….

A
  1. ) triglycerides
  2. ) phospholipids
  3. ) steroids
51
Q

triglycerides

A

composed of three fatty acids attached to main body glycerol (alcohol). long term energy storage.
one of fatty acids is unsaturated meaning it has two covalent bonds.

52
Q

saturated and unsaturated

A

saturated is even bonds for each carbon, solid at room temperature.
unsaturated- contain double bond so each carbon is not completely saturated with hydrogen

53
Q

polyunsaturated EFAs

A

omega 3 and 6

54
Q

cis fatty acid

A

beneficial for hormone like regulators in cell. the hydrogen sits on the same side of covalent bond

55
Q

trans fatty acid

A

hydrogen are on the opp sides of the double bond. this happens when a cis-fatty acid is heated and pressurized. not good for health

56
Q

phospholipids

A

composed of a glycerol body attached to a phosphate and two fatty acid chains attached. one side is polar and the 2 strands are non polar

57
Q

amphipathic

A

have a polar( hydrophobic) and non polar is hydrophilic.

58
Q

steroids

A

four rings of carbon atoms non polar molecule

insoluble in water and soluble in fat. cholesterol is the staring point for the synthesis of hormones

59
Q

proteins

A

functions are- structure to body, regulatory, contractile, immunological, transport, catalytic,

60
Q

peptides bonds

A

formed by dehydration synthesis, covalent bonds form btw and amino acid and a carboxyl group

61
Q

denaturation

A

happens when a protein loses its shapes due to a hostile environmental (ph,temp,electrolyte conc, destroy the function of a protein

62
Q

enzymes

A

proteins molecules that speeds up chemical Rxn. composed of a protein function (apoenzyme) and a non protein (co factor).

anatomy and physiology (35 decks)

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