cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

volume of blood circulation

A

5-6 L in males

4-5 in females

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2
Q

functions of blood ?

A

transportation (gases, nutrients, hormones, etc.)
Regulation (pH buffer, temperature)
protection (clotting, WBC transport)

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3
Q

hepatocytes produce most of what plasma proteins ?

A

albumin- controls fluid movement, carries drugs
globulin-part of immune/ antibodies group
fibrinogen- clotting substance

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4
Q

WBC’s

A

around 4-11,000/mm3 offer protection from bacteria and foreign agents
deviation from the norm is clinically signification
- leukocytosis ( increase in WBC) can lead to pulmonary complication, clots, poor diffusion

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5
Q

leukopenia

A

below normal levels of WBC

patients need to isolate to protect from normal pathogens

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6
Q

granular WBC

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes
-neutrophils (phagocytize)
-Eosinophils (increase in allergic reactions- destroy antigen antibody complex, antiparasitic)
basophils- develop into mast cells, intensify inflammatory reactions thru histamine release)

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7
Q

Agranular WBC

A
(mononuclear) 
lymphocytes- immune response thru direct cell attack or antibodies 
b-cells 
t-cells 
forms antibodies 
monocytes 
phagocytosis 
change into macrophages in tissue 
increase in chronic infection 
take long time to reach infection
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8
Q

thrombocytes or platelets

A

smallest- not cells but cytoplasmic fragments
essential in prevention of blood loss
regulates granules that promotes blood clotting
creates platelet plug
releases serotonin- causing vasoconstriction

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9
Q

erythrocytes

A
majority of red blood cells 
contains Hgb
normal values for Hgb 
males 140-180 g/L
females 120-160g/l
infants 140-200 g/L
life expentancy 120 days 
destroyed by liver and spleen
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10
Q

what is hematocrit

A

hematocrit is the percentage of RBCs in total blood volume,
males 40-54%
females 38-46%

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11
Q

production of RBc’s

A

testosterone stimulates production of erythropoietin by kidneys - erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in red bone marrow.

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