muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscles

A
  1. ) smooth muscle
  2. ) cardiac muscle
  3. ) skeletal muscle
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2
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attached bones via tendons
striated (light and dark protein bands)
voluntary control

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3
Q

cardiac muscle

A

wall of the heart
striated-
involuntary control

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4
Q

smooth muscle

A

wall of blood vessels and internal organs.
non striated
involuntary control

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5
Q

functions of the muscle

A
  1. ) motion (of muscle/body part, substances within the body)
  2. ) stabilizes posture- sitting, standing
  3. ) thermogenesis- shivering
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6
Q

charateristics of muscle tx

A
  1. ) excitability- respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals
  2. ) contractibility - can shorten or thicken to produce force
  3. ) extensibility- can stretch
  4. ) elasticity- can recoil
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7
Q

fascia

A
a sheet(s) of connective tissue that surround(s) the muscle 
protect, support and separate the muscle
tendons are extensions of the fascia which attach muscle to bone
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8
Q

general blood and nervous supply

A

Capillaries
are linked to each individual muscle fiber
Motor neurons
linked to each muscle fiber

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9
Q

general structure of muscle

A

muscle– fascicle— muscle fiber(muscle cell)— myofibrils– filaments

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10
Q

a motor unit

A

a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulate
Stimulation -> simultaneous contraction of all the muscle fibers of the motor unit
a single motor neuron will stimulate approx. 150 fibers through branches (average)
(For fine precision movements
e.g. larynx,
a motor unit may have only 2-3 fibers
powerful gross movements
e.g. biceps,
there may be as many as 2000 fibers)

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11
Q

pathways of ATP

A

ATP regeneration (creatine
phosphate, for short burst )
glycogen lactic acid, 30-40 sec-400)
aerobic respiration, cellular respiration in mitochondria.

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12
Q

Myoglobin

A

O2 source for muscle tx

O2 binding protein- oxygen inside muscle fibers, it gets released when required.

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13
Q

muscle fatigue

A

inability of muscle to maintain it’s contraction due to lack of ATP. may result from:
insufficiency of oxygen,
glycogen depletion or
lactic acid build-up

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14
Q

oxygen debt

A

increased Vm after exercising to payback depleted O2 levels.
recovery O2 consump.
1) liver converts lactic acid to glycogen stores
2) creatine phosphate and ATP stores resynthesized
3) replace oxygen stores in myoglobin

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15
Q

the all-or-none principle of muscle contraction

A

When muscle fibers receive a stimulus to contract, they contract fully.
(i.e. a muscle fiber never partially contracts).
*Whole muscles can have various degrees of contraction
Why - only some fibers contract.

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16
Q

isotonic contraction

A

tension remains a constant

you are making the muscle work by moving your joint

17
Q

isometric contraction

A

length of muscle constant

tension of the muscle increases during the contraction but no movement is produced

18
Q

muscle tone

A

sustained partial muscle contractions muscle
“firms” the muscle without producing movement
maintain posture

19
Q

origin

A

point of attachment on stationary bone

20
Q

insertion

A

point of attachment on moveable bone