Reproductive: Male Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major categories of male infertility?

A
  • Obstructive (e.g. congenital absence of vas deferens)
  • Non-obstructive (e.g. varicocele, cryptorchidism)
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2
Q

What are the common causes of obstructive male infertility?

A
  • Congenital absence of the vas deferens (seen in cystic fibrosis)
  • Ejaculatory duct obstruction
  • Prostatic cysts
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3
Q

What are the common causes of non-obstructive male infertility

A
  • Varicocele
  • Cryptorchidism
  • Anabolic steroid use
  • Erectile dysfunction
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4
Q

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

A

Varicocele

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5
Q

Isolated right-sided varicocele

A

Concerning for a pathologic process compressing the right gonadal vein (get CT a/p)

Note: Isolated left-sided varicocele is common, but the right shouldn’t have a varicocele without getting one in the left first.

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6
Q

What is the most common location of an undescended testis?

A

Inguinal canal

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7
Q

Cryptorchidism is most commonly seen in…

A

Premature infants (20%)

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8
Q

Complications of cryptorchidism

A
  • Malignant degeneration (can be either the undescended testis or the contralateral testis)
  • Infertility
  • Torsion
  • Bowel incarceration (due to associated indirect inguinal hernia)
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9
Q

Are undescended testes at a higher risk for orchitis?

A

No, same risk as descended testes

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10
Q

Male infertility with high serum prolactin levels…

A

Pituitary adenoma

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11
Q

Male infertility and impaired sense of smell…

A

Think Kallman syndrome (delayed/absent puberty due to hypogonadism)

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12
Q

Male infertility in a pt who is tall and has gynecomastia

A

Think Klinefelter syndrome (XXY syndrome)

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13
Q

Male infertility in a pt with renal agenesis and an ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst…

A

Think Zinner syndrome (malformation of the mesonephric duct during embryogenesis, leading to renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst, and ejaculatory duct obstruction)

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14
Q

Ejaculatory duct obstruction is seen with which syndrome?

A

Zinner syndrome (embryological mesonephric duct malformation)

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