Cardiac Flashcards
Crista terminalis
A muscular ridge in the right atrium that runs from the entrance of the SVC to the entrance of the IVC
Note: Do not confuse this right atrial structure with a clot.
Where are pectinate muscles found?
- Right atrium (running from the peak of the crest terminals to the right atrial appendage)
- Left atrial appendage (inner surface only)
Eustachean valve
IVC valve that looks like a little flap in the distal IVC
Note: If this IVC valve appears more trabeculated, then its called a Chair Network.
What defines the right atrium?
The IVC entrance
What defines the right ventricle?
The moderator band
How do the ventricular outflow tracts differ?
The right ventricular outflow tract is muscular
The left ventricular outflow tract is fibrous (and continuous with the mitral valve)
Moderator band
A right ventricular structure that defines the right ventricle and acts as part of the right bundle branch electric system
Which cardiac view allows assessment of both the mitral and tricuspid valves?
The horizontal long axis (4-chamber) view
An AV canal defect is best seen on which view?
The horizontal long axis (4-chamber) view
Note: Most other congenital heart problems are better evaluated on other views.
The LV short axis view is perpendicular to the…
Horizontal long axis (4-chamber) view
The 3 chamber view is best for evaluating the…
Left ventricular outflow tract (e.g. for aortic regurgitation/stenosis)
What is the best MRI view for evaluating for aortic stenosis?
3 chamber view (of the left ventricular outflow tract)
What view is this?
Horizontal long axis (4-chamber) view
What view is this?
3 chamber view (of left ventricular outflow tract)
What view is this?
2-chamber long axis view
Widening of the carinal angle > 90 degrees on chest radiograph suggests…
Left atrial enlargement
Radiographic signs of left atrial enlargement
- Double density sign (2 superimposed right heart borders)
- Widening of the carinal angle > 90 degrees
- Elevation of the left main bronchus
- Walking man sign (splaying of the main bronchi on lateral radiograph making them looks like two legs walking)
Shifting of the right heart border by > 3 cm from midline on chest radiograph…
Suggestive of right atrial enlargement
On pre-natal ultrasound, the tech identifies an echogenic focus within the fetal left ventricle…
Likely a calcified papillary muscle that will resolve by the third trimester, but is associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome (look for other signs of Down syndrome)
Dumbbell appearance of billobed fat density in the atrial septum sparing the fossa ovalis…
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum should spare the…
Fossa ovalis
Note: If the fossa ovalis is not spared, think lipoma.
Fat density in the interatrial septum without dumbbell appearance (i.e. does not spare the fossa ovalis)…
Think lipoma
Note: Lipomatous hypertrophy of the intertribal septum should spare the fossa ovalis.
You are thinking a fat density in the interatrial septum is lipomatous hypertrophy, but it is hot on PET/CT…
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the intertribal septum can be hot on PET (often made of brown fat)
Note: The important factor is whether it spares the fossa ovalis. If it does not, then think lipoma.
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum can cause…
Supraventricular arrythmias, but is otherwise inconsequential