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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Reproductive Development > Flashcards

Reproductive Development Flashcards

1
Q

How is genital ridge formed

A

Primordial cells from yolk sac migrate into intermediate mesoderm
Medial to urogenital ridge

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2
Q

Which part of genital ridge proliferates?

A

Epithelial part

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3
Q

Primitive sex cords

A

Migrating germ cells that have become surrounded by epithelial cells

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4
Q

Mullerian ducts

A

Paramesonephric ducts
Arise lateral to mesonephric ducts
Cuadal ends fuse and connect to urethra

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5
Q

Male/female genetic

A

46XY

46XX

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6
Q

TDF

A

Transcription factor that controls cascade of events leading to male development

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7
Q

SRY

A

Sex determining region of Y chromosome

Where TDF is located

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8
Q

Virilization

A

Development of adult male characteristics

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9
Q

How does female development occur?

A

If TDF is absent

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10
Q

SRY gene expression induces

A

TDF production

differentiation of sertoli cells

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11
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Main organizer of testes

Product Amh and recruit leydig cells

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12
Q

Anti-mullerian hormone

A

Amh
Secreted by sertoli
Degenerates paramesoneprhic ducts

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13
Q

Leydig cells

A

Interstitial cells
Secrete testosterone
Recruited by sertoli cells

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14
Q

Testosterone

A

Causes survival of mesoneprhic duct

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15
Q

Mesonephric ducts become

A

Male genital sex ducts

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16
Q

5-alpha 2 reductase

A

Converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

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17
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

Responsible for differentiation of male EXternal genitalia and secondary sex characteristics at puberty (virilization)

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18
Q

Testis cords composed of

A

Sertoli cells and germ cells

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19
Q

Testis cords also called ____ and produce _____

A

Medullary cords

Amh

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20
Q

Rete testis

A

Sertoli cells and NO germ cells

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21
Q

Tunica albuginea and lobules of testes formed by

A

Non-prenetrating epithelial cells

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22
Q

Mesoneprhic ducts open into the

A

Urogenital sinus

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23
Q

Mesoneprhic tubules fuse with ___ to form _____

A

Mesoneprhic tubules

Efferent ductules

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24
Q

Mesonephrous derived structures

A

Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Ductus defernes
Seminal vesicles

25
Q

Paramesonephric duct degenerated by

A

Amh

Except for prostatic utricle and appendix testis

26
Q

Female epithelial cells differentiate to

A

Follice cells that surround primitive germ cells

27
Q

Primordial follices

A

Follicle cells + germ cells

28
Q

Meduallry region of ovary contains

A

Neurovascular structures

29
Q

In female, mesonephric degenerates except for

A

Epoophoron
Paroophoron
Gartner’s Cyst

30
Q

Paramesonephric ducts develop into 3 parts in female…what are they?

A

Cranial vertical - uterine tube
Horizontal - uterine tube and superior uterus
Caudal vertical - inferior parts of uterus

31
Q

Caudal vertical paramesonephric duct form inferior part of uterus by

A

Fusing with duct on other side

32
Q

Paramesoneprhic duct opens into

A

Urogenital sinus

33
Q

Sinovaginal bulbs grow due to

A

Migrating mesoderm cells

34
Q

Sinovaginal bulbs become

A

Vaginal plate when they fuse

35
Q

Superior part of vagina mostly derived from

A

Paramesonephric ducts

36
Q

Inferior part of vagina formed from

A

Canalization of the vaginal plate

37
Q

Inferior vs. superior part of vagina germ layers

A

Inferior - endoderm lined mesoderm

Superior - mesoderm

38
Q

Hymen

A

Separates lumen of vagina from urogenital sinus

39
Q

Cloacal folds

A

Formed from mesenchyme cells that migrate around the edge of cloacal membrane

40
Q

Cloacal folds form

A

Genital tubercle

41
Q

Labioscrotal folds become

A

Scrotum or labia majora

42
Q

When cloacal is divided by _______ , labioscrotal folds are renamed to _____

A

urorectal septum

Urethral folds (around urogen sinus)
Anal folds (around anus)
43
Q

Males develop external genitalia due to

A

Dihydrotestosterone

44
Q

Male urogenital sinus renamed

A

Urethral plate (endoderm)

45
Q

Urethral groove

A

Formed by urethral folds

Lined by urethral plate

46
Q

Urethral folds fuse

A

Along ventral aspect of the phallus to create penile urethra

47
Q

All urethra of male derived from

A

Mesoderm and lined with urogenital sinus (endoderm)

48
Q

Hypospadias

A

Defect in ventral wall of penis

Failure of urethral folds to fuse along midline forming penile urethra

49
Q

IN absense of dihydrotestosterone

A

Genital tubercle does not lengthen and becomes clitoris
Urethral folds become labia minora
Laboscrotal become labia majora

50
Q

Vestibule of vagina is found

A

Between urethral folds

51
Q

Intersex conditions

A

Born with anatomy that doesn’t fit typical definitions

52
Q

True hermaphroditism

A

Both ovarian and testicular tissue are present in gonad

Usually have uterus and external are female

53
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

46 XY
Develop testes
Paramesoneprhic ducts will regress
External genitalia look female because can’t respond to androgens
NO MALE SEX CHARACTERISTICS AFTER PUBERTY

54
Q

Types of androgen insensitivity

A

COmplete
Mild
Partial

55
Q

5-alpha reductase 2 deficiency

A

46 XY and develop testes
Testosterone not converted to dihydrotestosterone so external genitalia female
At puberty, will develop male sex charactersitics due ot testosterone

56
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplase

A

MUtations of adrenal glands

ACTH elevated causes hyperplasia of cells producing androgens

57
Q

Female CAH

A

Disrupted ovary and paramesonephrous system
Ambiguous genitalia
Male secondary sex characteristics at pubert y

58
Q

Male CAH

A

Early pubert y

59
Q

Turners syndrome

A

45 XX
Short and webbed neck
Amenorrhea (no menstrous)
Delayed puberty with no secondary sex characteristics

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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