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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Reproductive Development > Flashcards

Reproductive Development Flashcards

1
Q

How is genital ridge formed

A

Primordial cells from yolk sac migrate into intermediate mesoderm
Medial to urogenital ridge

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2
Q

Which part of genital ridge proliferates?

A

Epithelial part

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3
Q

Primitive sex cords

A

Migrating germ cells that have become surrounded by epithelial cells

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4
Q

Mullerian ducts

A

Paramesonephric ducts
Arise lateral to mesonephric ducts
Cuadal ends fuse and connect to urethra

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5
Q

Male/female genetic

A

46XY

46XX

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6
Q

TDF

A

Transcription factor that controls cascade of events leading to male development

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7
Q

SRY

A

Sex determining region of Y chromosome

Where TDF is located

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8
Q

Virilization

A

Development of adult male characteristics

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9
Q

How does female development occur?

A

If TDF is absent

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10
Q

SRY gene expression induces

A

TDF production

differentiation of sertoli cells

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11
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Main organizer of testes

Product Amh and recruit leydig cells

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12
Q

Anti-mullerian hormone

A

Amh
Secreted by sertoli
Degenerates paramesoneprhic ducts

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13
Q

Leydig cells

A

Interstitial cells
Secrete testosterone
Recruited by sertoli cells

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14
Q

Testosterone

A

Causes survival of mesoneprhic duct

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15
Q

Mesonephric ducts become

A

Male genital sex ducts

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16
Q

5-alpha 2 reductase

A

Converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

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17
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

Responsible for differentiation of male EXternal genitalia and secondary sex characteristics at puberty (virilization)

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18
Q

Testis cords composed of

A

Sertoli cells and germ cells

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19
Q

Testis cords also called ____ and produce _____

A

Medullary cords

Amh

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20
Q

Rete testis

A

Sertoli cells and NO germ cells

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21
Q

Tunica albuginea and lobules of testes formed by

A

Non-prenetrating epithelial cells

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22
Q

Mesoneprhic ducts open into the

A

Urogenital sinus

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23
Q

Mesoneprhic tubules fuse with ___ to form _____

A

Mesoneprhic tubules

Efferent ductules

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24
Q

Mesonephrous derived structures

A

Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Ductus defernes
Seminal vesicles

25
Paramesonephric duct degenerated by
Amh | Except for prostatic utricle and appendix testis
26
Female epithelial cells differentiate to
Follice cells that surround primitive germ cells
27
Primordial follices
Follicle cells + germ cells
28
Meduallry region of ovary contains
Neurovascular structures
29
In female, mesonephric degenerates except for
Epoophoron Paroophoron Gartner's Cyst
30
Paramesonephric ducts develop into 3 parts in female...what are they?
Cranial vertical - uterine tube Horizontal - uterine tube and superior uterus Caudal vertical - inferior parts of uterus
31
Caudal vertical paramesonephric duct form inferior part of uterus by
Fusing with duct on other side
32
Paramesoneprhic duct opens into
Urogenital sinus
33
Sinovaginal bulbs grow due to
Migrating mesoderm cells
34
Sinovaginal bulbs become
Vaginal plate when they fuse
35
Superior part of vagina mostly derived from
Paramesonephric ducts
36
Inferior part of vagina formed from
Canalization of the vaginal plate
37
Inferior vs. superior part of vagina germ layers
Inferior - endoderm lined mesoderm | Superior - mesoderm
38
Hymen
Separates lumen of vagina from urogenital sinus
39
Cloacal folds
Formed from mesenchyme cells that migrate around the edge of cloacal membrane
40
Cloacal folds form
Genital tubercle
41
Labioscrotal folds become
Scrotum or labia majora
42
When cloacal is divided by _______ , labioscrotal folds are renamed to _____
urorectal septum ``` Urethral folds (around urogen sinus) Anal folds (around anus) ```
43
Males develop external genitalia due to
Dihydrotestosterone
44
Male urogenital sinus renamed
Urethral plate (endoderm)
45
Urethral groove
Formed by urethral folds | Lined by urethral plate
46
Urethral folds fuse
Along ventral aspect of the phallus to create penile urethra
47
All urethra of male derived from
Mesoderm and lined with urogenital sinus (endoderm)
48
Hypospadias
Defect in ventral wall of penis | Failure of urethral folds to fuse along midline forming penile urethra
49
IN absense of dihydrotestosterone
Genital tubercle does not lengthen and becomes clitoris Urethral folds become labia minora Laboscrotal become labia majora
50
Vestibule of vagina is found
Between urethral folds
51
Intersex conditions
Born with anatomy that doesn't fit typical definitions
52
True hermaphroditism
Both ovarian and testicular tissue are present in gonad | Usually have uterus and external are female
53
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
46 XY Develop testes Paramesoneprhic ducts will regress External genitalia look female because can't respond to androgens NO MALE SEX CHARACTERISTICS AFTER PUBERTY
54
Types of androgen insensitivity
COmplete Mild Partial
55
5-alpha reductase 2 deficiency
46 XY and develop testes Testosterone not converted to dihydrotestosterone so external genitalia female At puberty, will develop male sex charactersitics due ot testosterone
56
Congenital adrenal hyperplase
MUtations of adrenal glands | ACTH elevated causes hyperplasia of cells producing androgens
57
Female CAH
Disrupted ovary and paramesonephrous system Ambiguous genitalia Male secondary sex characteristics at pubert y
58
Male CAH
Early pubert y
59
Turners syndrome
45 XX Short and webbed neck Amenorrhea (no menstrous) Delayed puberty with no secondary sex characteristics

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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