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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Anterior Abdomen and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Anterior Abdomen and Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Ab organs protected by

A

Thoracic cage and pelvis

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2
Q

9 regions of abdoment

A 
Epigastric 
Umbilical 
Pubic 
Left/R hypochondriac
R/L lateral (lumbar)
L/R Inguinal
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3
Q

Sucostal plane

A

Divides top and middle row

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4
Q

Transtubercular plane

A

Divides middle and lower rows

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5
Q

Midclavicular pplanes divide

A

Right and Left from middle row

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6
Q

Anterolateral ab wall superficial fascai

A 
Fatty superficial (Camper's)
Deep membranous (Scarpas)
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7
Q

What is Scarpas renamed

A

Colles in inguinal region

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8
Q

Anterolateral deep fascia

A

Deep investing fascia

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9
Q

External abdominal oblique fibers run

A

Inferiorly and medially (hands in pockets)

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10
Q

Internal abdominal oblique fibers run

A

Perpindicular to external oblique (superiorly and medially)

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11
Q

Internal ab oblique changes direction at ____ to _____

A

ASIS

Medial and inferior

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12
Q

Transversus abdominus fibers run ____ and how to do they change?

A

Horizontally…inferiro to ASIS, fibers run same as internal oblique

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13
Q

Inguinal ligament formed by

A

Inferior free border of aponeuorsis of external ab obqliue between ASIS and pubic tubercle

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14
Q

Rectus abdominis runs ____ and enclosed by _____

A

Vertical

Enclosedb y aponeuroses of muscle

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15
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

Interruptions of rect abdom by horizontal bands

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16
Q

Rectus sheath composed of what and formed by what?

A

Longitudinal pocket of anterior rectus sheath and posterior rectus sheath
Formed by aponeuroses of ext ab oblique, internal ab oblique, and transversus abdominus

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17
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Where anterolateral ab wall muscles continuous with retus sheath

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18
Q

Actions of anterlateral ab muscles

A

Support and compress viscera
Flex vertebral column with bilateral contraction
Lateral flexion of column with unilat contract
Rotation of trunk when internal ab oblique and contralateral external ab oblique contract simulataneous (turns toward internal ab oblique side)

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19
Q

Innervation of anterolateral wall muscles

A

Intercostal nerves T7-T12 and L1

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20
Q

Ipsilateral contraction of external and internal oblique results in

A

Lateral trunk flexion toward side of contraction

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21
Q

Contralateral contraction of external and internal oblique results in

A

Twitsting of trunk toward the internal side

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22
Q

How are internal oblique and contralateral external oblique connected?

A

Aponeuroses - digastric muscle

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23
Q

During rotation, rectus abdominis acts as a

A

Fixed post

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24
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous lining of ab cavity and organs

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25
Q

Types of peritoneum and description

A

Parietal - lines ab wall and drapes into pelvis

Visceral - covers external surface of ab viscera

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26
Q

Functions of periotoneum

A

Reduce friction
Resists infection by exuding fluid and cells
Stores fat

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27
Q

Layers of abdominopevlic fascia

A 
Transversalis fascia
Diaphragmatic fascia
Quadratus lumborum fascia 
Pelvic fascia
Fascia lata
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28
Q

Blood, lymph, nerves relative to fascial lining of abdominopelvic

A

Blood and lymph vessels lie in the lining

Nerves lie outside

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29
Q

Abdominopelvic fascia special function

A

Below ASIS, it is only anterior wall strucutre posterior to rectus abdominus
Dorms inguinal ring and extends ofver spermatic cord as internal spermatic fascia

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30
Q

Arcuate line

A

Line at ASIS

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31
Q

Inferior to arcuate, what separates rectus abdominus from ab contents

A

Transversalis fascia and peritoneum

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32
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

Internal later of deep investing fascia of ab wall muscles

Similar to endothoracic fascia of thorax

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33
Q

What is continous with endopelvic fascia of pelivs

A

Transversalis fascia

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34
Q

Posterior rectus sheath below acruate line

A

Disappears

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35
Q

Most important arteires of ab cavity

A

Superior epigastric and inferior epigastric

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36
Q

Superior epigastric arises from

A

Internal thoracic from subclavian

37
Q

Inferior epigastric arises from

A

External iliac

38
Q

Where do inferior and superior epigastric anastomose

A

Imbilical region of anterior ab

39
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Extends above and parallel to inguinal ligament from deep to superficial inguinal rings

40
Q

Deep inguinal ring and location

A

Entrance of inguinal canal into transversalis fascia

On deep side of wall lateral to inferior epigastric artery, superior to inguinal ligament

41
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

Exit of inguinal canal in the aponeurosis of the external ab oblique

42
Q

Lateral crus and medial crus

Which is stronger

A

Lateral - also part of ligament

Borders of superficial ring

43
Q

Intercrural fibers

A

Aponeurotic fibers at superior part of superficial ring that reinforce opening

44
Q

What travles through inguinal canal to scrotum

A

Spermatic cord

45
Q

Contents of spermatic cord

A 
Testicular artery
Pampinform plexus of veins (testicular veins)
Ductus deferens (transporting sperm)
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lymphatics
Vestige of processus vaginalis
46
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Guides descent of testis into scrotum

47
Q

What part of peritoneum pulled into scortum

A

Processus vaginalis

48
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Sac of peritoneum on the testes

49
Q

External spermatic fascia continuous with

A

External ab oblique fascia

50
Q

Cremaster muscle and innervation

A

Strands of internal oblique pulled down into spermatic cord

Reflexive retraction of testis by stimulation of genitofemoral nerve

51
Q

Internal spermatic fascia contiuous with

A

Transversalis fascia

52
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Peritoneal extension covering tests on anterior and lateral sides

53
Q

Hydrocele

A

Persistent processus vaginalis

Excess fluid filled sac in scortum

54
Q

Inguinal canal broders

A

Ant - aponeurosis of ext ab oblique
Posterior - transversalis fascia
Roof - internal ab oblique and trasnversus ab
Floor - inguiinal ligament

55
Q

Fibers of transversus abdominis do NOT contribute to

A

Spermatic cord because it arches over inguinal ring

56
Q

Inferior epigastric artery enters

A

Rectus sheath below arcuate line

57
Q

Ductus deferens leave

A

deep inguinal ring and descends into pelvis

58
Q

Testicular artery leaves

A

Surface of psoas major and enters deep inguinal ring with testicular veins

59
Q

Genital br. of genitofemoral nerve enter

A

Ring and run with spermatic cord

60
Q

Inguinal triangle boundaries

A

lat - inferior epigastric artery
Medial - lateral border of rec abodminis
Inferior - inguinal ligament

61
Q

Where does spermatic cord emerge from ab cavity relative to inguinal trianlge?

A

Lateral

62
Q

Inguinal triangle clinical significance

A

Area of weakness..Site for abdominla hernia to push int o anterior ab wall

63
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

Hernia emerges medial to inferior epigastric artery and only trasnverse superficial inguinal ring

64
Q

INdirect inguinal hernia

A

herniation through deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial ring
Can go into scrotum
Emerges lateral to inferior epigastric artery

65
Q

What is patent in indirect inguinal hernia

A

Processus vaginalis

66
Q

Inguinal vs femoral hernia

A

Inguinal - above and medial to pubic tubercle

Femoral - below and lateral to pubic tubercle

67
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer of periotoneum neither parietal nor visceral

Continuation of both

68
Q

Mesentary acts as

A

Conduit

69
Q

Peritoneum lies deep to

A

Transversalis fascia

70
Q

Greater omentum

A

Fat infused sheet like peritoneal fold hanging from greater curvature of stomach where transverse colon attached

71
Q

greater omentum ligaments

A

Gastrocolic
Gastrosplenic
Gastrophrenic

72
Q

Lesser omentum connects

A

Lesser curvature and durodenum to the liver

73
Q

What runs in free edge of lesser omentum (lateral to medial)

A

Common bile duct, prtal vein, hepatic artery

74
Q

Lesser omentum ligaments

A

Hepatogastric ligaments

Hepatoduodenal ligament

75
Q

Mesenteries connecting stomach, portions of small intestine and portions of large intestine to body wall (post)

A

Mesogastrium, transverse mesocolon, mesentery proper, sigmoid mesocolon

76
Q

Ligaments of peritoneum

A

Double layer connecting organ with another of ab wall

77
Q

Folds of peritoneum

A

Reflection with often sharp border due to vessels within

78
Q

Recess of peritoneum

A

Fold forming a blind pouch opening into peritoneal cavity

79
Q

Lesser sac…how formed, what from, location

A

Formed by rotation of GI tract
Remnant of right half of coelemic cavity
Posterior to stomach

80
Q

Greater sac formed from

A

Remainder of peritoneal cavity

81
Q

Epiploic foramen

A

How lesser and greater sac communicate

82
Q

Peritoneal folds above umbilicus

A

Falciform ligament contains ligamentum teres (from umbilical vein)

83
Q

Peritoneal folds below umbilicus

A

Median umbilical fold (1)
Medial umbilical folds (2)
Lateral umbilical folds (2)

84
Q

Median umbilical fold

A

Peritoneum covered urachus (pathway of fetal urine)

85
Q

Medial umbilical folds

A

Periotneal covered obliterated umbilical artery

86
Q

Laterla umbilical folds

A

Peritoneum covered inferior epigastric artery and vein

87
Q

Layers covering tests superficial to deep

A

Tunica vaginalis
Parietal
Visceral

88
Q

Covering spermatic cord superficial to deep

A

External spermatic fascia from external oblique
Cremaster muscle from internal oblique
INternal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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