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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Anterior Abdomen and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Anterior Abdomen and Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Ab organs protected by

A

Thoracic cage and pelvis

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2
Q

9 regions of abdoment

A 
Epigastric 
Umbilical 
Pubic 
Left/R hypochondriac
R/L lateral (lumbar)
L/R Inguinal
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3
Q

Sucostal plane

A

Divides top and middle row

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4
Q

Transtubercular plane

A

Divides middle and lower rows

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5
Q

Midclavicular pplanes divide

A

Right and Left from middle row

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6
Q

Anterolateral ab wall superficial fascai

A 
Fatty superficial (Camper's)
Deep membranous (Scarpas)
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7
Q

What is Scarpas renamed

A

Colles in inguinal region

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8
Q

Anterolateral deep fascia

A

Deep investing fascia

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9
Q

External abdominal oblique fibers run

A

Inferiorly and medially (hands in pockets)

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10
Q

Internal abdominal oblique fibers run

A

Perpindicular to external oblique (superiorly and medially)

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11
Q

Internal ab oblique changes direction at ____ to _____

A

ASIS

Medial and inferior

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12
Q

Transversus abdominus fibers run ____ and how to do they change?

A

Horizontally…inferiro to ASIS, fibers run same as internal oblique

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13
Q

Inguinal ligament formed by

A

Inferior free border of aponeuorsis of external ab obqliue between ASIS and pubic tubercle

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14
Q

Rectus abdominis runs ____ and enclosed by _____

A

Vertical

Enclosedb y aponeuroses of muscle

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15
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

Interruptions of rect abdom by horizontal bands

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16
Q

Rectus sheath composed of what and formed by what?

A

Longitudinal pocket of anterior rectus sheath and posterior rectus sheath
Formed by aponeuroses of ext ab oblique, internal ab oblique, and transversus abdominus

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17
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Where anterolateral ab wall muscles continuous with retus sheath

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18
Q

Actions of anterlateral ab muscles

A

Support and compress viscera
Flex vertebral column with bilateral contraction
Lateral flexion of column with unilat contract
Rotation of trunk when internal ab oblique and contralateral external ab oblique contract simulataneous (turns toward internal ab oblique side)

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19
Q

Innervation of anterolateral wall muscles

A

Intercostal nerves T7-T12 and L1

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20
Q

Ipsilateral contraction of external and internal oblique results in

A

Lateral trunk flexion toward side of contraction

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21
Q

Contralateral contraction of external and internal oblique results in

A

Twitsting of trunk toward the internal side

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22
Q

How are internal oblique and contralateral external oblique connected?

A

Aponeuroses - digastric muscle

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23
Q

During rotation, rectus abdominis acts as a

A

Fixed post

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24
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous lining of ab cavity and organs

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25
Types of peritoneum and description
Parietal - lines ab wall and drapes into pelvis | Visceral - covers external surface of ab viscera
26
Functions of periotoneum
Reduce friction Resists infection by exuding fluid and cells Stores fat
27
Layers of abdominopevlic fascia
``` Transversalis fascia Diaphragmatic fascia Quadratus lumborum fascia Pelvic fascia Fascia lata ```
28
Blood, lymph, nerves relative to fascial lining of abdominopelvic
Blood and lymph vessels lie in the lining | Nerves lie outside
29
Abdominopelvic fascia special function
Below ASIS, it is only anterior wall strucutre posterior to rectus abdominus Dorms inguinal ring and extends ofver spermatic cord as internal spermatic fascia
30
Arcuate line
Line at ASIS
31
Inferior to arcuate, what separates rectus abdominus from ab contents
Transversalis fascia and peritoneum
32
Transversalis fascia
Internal later of deep investing fascia of ab wall muscles | Similar to endothoracic fascia of thorax
33
What is continous with endopelvic fascia of pelivs
Transversalis fascia
34
Posterior rectus sheath below acruate line
Disappears
35
Most important arteires of ab cavity
Superior epigastric and inferior epigastric
36
Superior epigastric arises from
Internal thoracic from subclavian
37
Inferior epigastric arises from
External iliac
38
Where do inferior and superior epigastric anastomose
Imbilical region of anterior ab
39
Inguinal canal
Extends above and parallel to inguinal ligament from deep to superficial inguinal rings
40
Deep inguinal ring and location
Entrance of inguinal canal into transversalis fascia | On deep side of wall lateral to inferior epigastric artery, superior to inguinal ligament
41
Superficial inguinal ring
Exit of inguinal canal in the aponeurosis of the external ab oblique
42
Lateral crus and medial crus | Which is stronger
Lateral - also part of ligament | Borders of superficial ring
43
Intercrural fibers
Aponeurotic fibers at superior part of superficial ring that reinforce opening
44
What travles through inguinal canal to scrotum
Spermatic cord
45
Contents of spermatic cord
``` Testicular artery Pampinform plexus of veins (testicular veins) Ductus deferens (transporting sperm) Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Lymphatics Vestige of processus vaginalis ```
46
Gubernaculum
Guides descent of testis into scrotum
47
What part of peritoneum pulled into scortum
Processus vaginalis
48
Tunica vaginalis
Sac of peritoneum on the testes
49
External spermatic fascia continuous with
External ab oblique fascia
50
Cremaster muscle and innervation
Strands of internal oblique pulled down into spermatic cord | Reflexive retraction of testis by stimulation of genitofemoral nerve
51
Internal spermatic fascia contiuous with
Transversalis fascia
52
Tunica vaginalis
Peritoneal extension covering tests on anterior and lateral sides
53
Hydrocele
Persistent processus vaginalis | Excess fluid filled sac in scortum
54
Inguinal canal broders
Ant - aponeurosis of ext ab oblique Posterior - transversalis fascia Roof - internal ab oblique and trasnversus ab Floor - inguiinal ligament
55
Fibers of transversus abdominis do NOT contribute to
Spermatic cord because it arches over inguinal ring
56
Inferior epigastric artery enters
Rectus sheath below arcuate line
57
Ductus deferens leave
deep inguinal ring and descends into pelvis
58
Testicular artery leaves
Surface of psoas major and enters deep inguinal ring with testicular veins
59
Genital br. of genitofemoral nerve enter
Ring and run with spermatic cord
60
Inguinal triangle boundaries
lat - inferior epigastric artery Medial - lateral border of rec abodminis Inferior - inguinal ligament
61
Where does spermatic cord emerge from ab cavity relative to inguinal trianlge?
Lateral
62
Inguinal triangle clinical significance
Area of weakness..Site for abdominla hernia to push int o anterior ab wall
63
Direct inguinal hernia
Hernia emerges medial to inferior epigastric artery and only trasnverse superficial inguinal ring
64
INdirect inguinal hernia
herniation through deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial ring Can go into scrotum Emerges lateral to inferior epigastric artery
65
What is patent in indirect inguinal hernia
Processus vaginalis
66
Inguinal vs femoral hernia
Inguinal - above and medial to pubic tubercle | Femoral - below and lateral to pubic tubercle
67
Mesentery
Double layer of periotoneum neither parietal nor visceral | Continuation of both
68
Mesentary acts as
Conduit
69
Peritoneum lies deep to
Transversalis fascia
70
Greater omentum
Fat infused sheet like peritoneal fold hanging from greater curvature of stomach where transverse colon attached
71
greater omentum ligaments
Gastrocolic Gastrosplenic Gastrophrenic
72
Lesser omentum connects
Lesser curvature and durodenum to the liver
73
What runs in free edge of lesser omentum (lateral to medial)
Common bile duct, prtal vein, hepatic artery
74
Lesser omentum ligaments
Hepatogastric ligaments | Hepatoduodenal ligament
75
Mesenteries connecting stomach, portions of small intestine and portions of large intestine to body wall (post)
Mesogastrium, transverse mesocolon, mesentery proper, sigmoid mesocolon
76
Ligaments of peritoneum
Double layer connecting organ with another of ab wall
77
Folds of peritoneum
Reflection with often sharp border due to vessels within
78
Recess of peritoneum
Fold forming a blind pouch opening into peritoneal cavity
79
Lesser sac...how formed, what from, location
Formed by rotation of GI tract Remnant of right half of coelemic cavity Posterior to stomach
80
Greater sac formed from
Remainder of peritoneal cavity
81
Epiploic foramen
How lesser and greater sac communicate
82
Peritoneal folds above umbilicus
Falciform ligament contains ligamentum teres (from umbilical vein)
83
Peritoneal folds below umbilicus
Median umbilical fold (1) Medial umbilical folds (2) Lateral umbilical folds (2)
84
Median umbilical fold
Peritoneum covered urachus (pathway of fetal urine)
85
Medial umbilical folds
Periotneal covered obliterated umbilical artery
86
Laterla umbilical folds
Peritoneum covered inferior epigastric artery and vein
87
Layers covering tests superficial to deep
Tunica vaginalis Parietal Visceral
88
Covering spermatic cord superficial to deep
External spermatic fascia from external oblique Cremaster muscle from internal oblique INternal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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