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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Heart Development - WTF > Flashcards

Heart Development - WTF Flashcards

1
Q

Before birth, how is blood shunted?

A

From right to left atrium

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2
Q

When does heart formation begin and when does heart start beating?

A

3 weeks

4 weeks

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3
Q

Initial function of heart

A

One way pump to transport O2 blood from placenta to the embryo

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4
Q

Umbilical vein function

A

Carries blood from placenta to embryo

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5
Q

Umbilical arteries functionm

A

Carry blood from embryo to placenta

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6
Q

Cardiogenic region…where is it and what happens?

A

At the rostral end…mesodermal cells aggregate to form longitudinal cellular strands (angioblastic cords)

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7
Q

What germ layer is the majority of the heart composed from?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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8
Q

How is primitive heart tube formed?

A

Angioblastic cords hollow out to form endocardial heart tubes

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9
Q

What does longitudinal folding accomplish for the heart?

A

Positions it in the thorax

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10
Q

Embryonic folding brings

A

Two endocardial tubes into the thorax where they meet along midline and fuse to form a single tube

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11
Q

Fused endocardial tubes form the ______

A

Inner lining of the heart

Endocardium

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12
Q

What happens to mesoderm below pericardial coelom as heart tube fuses?

A

Forms cardiac jelly and myocardium

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13
Q

Pericardial coelom is the future _______

A

pericardial cavity

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14
Q

Cardiac jelly

A

Thick, inner gelatinous mix

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular layer

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16
Q

Parietal pericardium is from ______ mesoderm

A

Somatic

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17
Q

Visceral pericardium from ______ mesoderm

A

Somatic

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18
Q

Dorsal mesocardium does what and then leaves what remnant?

A

Anchors heart at the beginning and goes away to form transverse pericardial sinus

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19
Q

Flow through the parts of pirmitive heart tube

A

Sinus venosus——atrium—–ventricle——bulbis cordis——–truncus arteriosis———aortic arch vessels

These are caudal to rostral

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20
Q

Pericardial sac from what parts of the primitive heart tube?

A

Ventricle
Bulbis cordis
Truncus arteriosis

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21
Q

Truncus arteriosis becomes

A

Pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

How does sinus venosus receive blood

A 
Common cardinal veins (body)
Umbilical veins (placenta)
Vitelline veins (yolk sac)
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23
Q

Blood flows from the aortic arches into the _________ to reach the body, placenta, and yolk sac

A

DOrsal aortae

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24
Q

Dextrocardia`

A

Heart abnormally positioned on the right side of the thorax

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25
Q

Dextrocardia with situs inversus

A

No cardiac abnormality because inversion of all organs

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26
Q

Four sets of partitions of primitive heart

A

Atria and ventricles
R and L atria
R and L ventricle
Pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta

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27
Q

Atrioventricular canal and what develops there during week 4

A

Between pirmitive atrium and ventricle

Endocardial cushions

28
Q

Endocardial cushions grow together to create

A

Atrioventricular septum

29
Q

Septum primum grows how?

A

From roof of atrium and extends toward endocardial cushions

30
Q

Ostium primum

A

Opening between sptum primum and the endocardial cushions

31
Q

How does septum secundum grow?

A

From roof immediately to the right of the septum primum

32
Q

Part septum secundum and the septum primum grows to touch the

A

Endocardial cushions that formed the membranous portion of IV septum

33
Q

Blood circulation before birth

A

Foramen ovale shunts blood entering the right atriumn into the left atrium and prevents passage moving oppostie way

34
Q

After birth, what happens to foramen ovale?

A

Septum primum and secundum pressed together to form fossa ovalis

35
Q

What causes foramen ovale closure?

A

Decreased RA pressure and increased LA pressure

36
Q

Atrial septal defects

A

INcomplete anatomical fusion of septum primum and secundum

37
Q

How does right atrium remodel its wall?

A

Right side of sinus venosus incorporated into the side of the atrium

38
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Part of atrium that contains incorporated sinus venosus

39
Q

Original right side of primitive atrium becomes

A

Right auricle

40
Q

Left atrium wall remodeling

A

Incorporation of pulmonary vein

41
Q

Pulmonary vein divids to produce ____

A

4 pulmonary veins

42
Q

4 pulmonary veins anastomose with

A

Veins developing in mesoderm around bronchial buds

43
Q

Left side of primitive atrium becomes the

A

Left auricle

44
Q

What must be partitioned to create pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta and what are their parts called

A

Bulbis cordis and truncus arteriosis

Truncal and bulbar ridges

45
Q

Formation of aorticopulmonary trunk creates

A

two outflow paths

46
Q

Truncal and bulbar ridges made from

A

neural crest cells

47
Q

Shape of wall of aorticopulmonary segment

A

Spiraling

48
Q

Two sections of IV septum

A

Membranous - from endocardial cushions

Muscular -

49
Q

Persistant truncus arteriosis

A

Abnormal neural crest cell migration so only partial AP septum
ONly a large vessel leaves the heart and receives blood from both
Cyanosis

50
Q

Transpotion of great arteries

A

Aorticopulmonary septum is straight line rather than spiral
Aorta is from RV and pulmonary trunk from LV
Fatal unless patent ductus arteriosis
Most common cause

51
Q

Tetraology of Fallot

A

Abnormla neural crest cell migration
Truncus arteriosis not divided equally
Pulmonary stenosis and overriding aorta
Results in VSD

52
Q

Pulmonary stenosis and overriding aorta

A

Small pulmonary trunk diameter

Aorta large diameter

53
Q

4 signs of tetraology of fallot (actually 5)

A 
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricle hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
VSD
Cyanosis
54
Q

Most VSDs shunt blood from

A

Left to right

55
Q

Result of VSD

A

pulmonary hypertension

56
Q

types of VSD

A

Membranous (most common)
Muscular
Common ventricle

57
Q

Persistent atrioventricular canal is a result of

A

Endocardial cushions failing to fuse to atrial and ventricular septa

58
Q

Primitive atria becomces

A

Auricles of right and left atria

59
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus becomes

A

Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

60
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus becomes

A

Coronary sinus

61
Q

Primitive pulmonary veins becomes

A

Smooth part of left atrium

62
Q

Conus cordis becomes

A 
Outflow for both ventricles 
Conus arteriosis (RV)
Aortic vestibule (LV)
63
Q

Bulbis cordis becomes

A

Trabeculated RV

64
Q

Primitive ventricle becomes

A

Trabeluated LV

65
Q

Truncus arteriosis becomes

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary track

66
Q

Ductus arteriosis shunts blood from

A

Pulmonary artery to the aorta

67
Q

Foramen ovale shunts blood from the

A

Right atrium to the left atrium

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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