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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Breast and Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Breast and Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Mammary gland origin

A

Epidermis of the skin (modified sweat gland)

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2
Q

Location of mammary glands

A

Superficial fascia

Superficial to pec major

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3
Q

Glandular Tissue composition and location

A

15-20 lobes radially arranged around nipple

Made of several lobules with ducts that converge and open on the surface of the nipple

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4
Q

Lactiferus ducts

A

Have dilation towards nipple that serves as a reservoir for milk

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5
Q

Reservoir for milk names

A

Ampulla or sinus

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6
Q

What part of mammary extends toward axilla?

A

Axillary tail of spence

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7
Q

Suspensory ligaments composition, locaiton, and functiojn

A

Fibrous bands running from deeper (membranous) layer of superficial fascia to the dermis
Surrounds and supports glandular tissues
Can be seen on a mammogram

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8
Q

Retromammary space function and location

A

Between superficial and deep fascia overlying pec major and serratus anterior…allows for movement of the breast on thoracic wall

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9
Q

Blood supply of mammary glands and origins/additional branches

A

Internal thoracic artery (perforating branches and anterior intercostal branches)
Lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries (from axillary)
Posterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta)

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10
Q

Which two arteries of mammary will anastomose

A

Posterior intercostal and anterior intercostal

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11
Q

Innervation of mammary glands and types of fibers found within

A

Intercostal nerves 4-6 (ventral primary rami)

Somatomotor, somatosensory, postganglionic sympathetic

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12
Q

Which two nerves pass lateral to mammary gland that cna be injured during masectomy?

A

Long thoracic and thoracodorsal

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13
Q

Most drainage of breast first passes to

A

Subareolar lymphatic plexus

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14
Q

Most drainage goes from subareolar lymphatic plexus to the

A 
Axillary lymph nodes ------
Pectoral (ant)
Subscap (post)
Lateral
Central
Apical (to subclav trunk)
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15
Q

Parasternal nodes and where they drain (also artery associated with)

A

Can receive drainage from subareolar lymphatic plexus

Will then go to deep lymphatics associated with internal thoracic artery

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16
Q

Other route than drainage can go from subareolar lymph plex besdies parasternal and axillary nodes

A

Abdominal nodes and to contralateral breas t

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17
Q

Carcinomas of breast usually derived from

A

Epithelial cells of the lactiferous ducts

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18
Q

Primary and secondary spread of breast cancer

A

Lymphatic

Venous

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19
Q

What causes orange peel appearnace?

A

Edema of the skin from interference with lymph drainage

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20
Q

What does fibrosis cause and mechanism

A

Dimpling of the skin caused by shortening of the suspensory ligament

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21
Q

Invasion of retromammary space can

A

Fix the breast to the thoracic wall

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22
Q

General functions of the thoracic wall

A

Protection of organs
Respiration
Muscle attachment

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23
Q

Superior thoracic aperture and what is found on lateral thirds

A

Superior opening of the thoracic

Suprapleural membranes

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24
Q

Inferior thoracic aperture and what it is covered by

A

Inferior boundary of the thorax

Diaphragm

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25
Q

What passes throoug hthe inferior thoracic aperture

A

Aorta, esophagus, azygos v., inferior vena cava, and nerves

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26
Q

Endothoracic fascia and what does it form?

A

Deep fascia

Thickens over lungs to form suprapleural membrane

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27
Q

What lies deep to endothoracic fascia in areas adjacent to the lungs?

A

Parietal pleura

28
Q

External intercostal - direction and attachments

A

Most superficial layer
Inferior and medially (on the front)
Vertebral bodies to the costochondral junction
DOES NOT EXTEND TO STERNUM LIKE THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MEMBRANE

29
Q

Internal intercostal muscles - direction and attachments

A

Second layer
From sternum to angle of the ribs
DOES NOT EXTEND TO VERTEBRAL BODIES LIKE THE MEMBRANE DOES

30
Q

Innermost intercostals - attachments

A

Track with the internal intercostals

Subcostal (extend more than one intercostal space near vertebral bodies )

31
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

Part of innermost intercostals on posterior surface of lower sternum

32
Q

Costal groove contents from superior to inferior and what layers found between

A

Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

Between internal and innermost muscle layers

33
Q

Best location for thoracocentesis?

A

Between ribs so that you won’t hit neurovascular bundle

34
Q

What are suprapleural membranes?

A

Thicken endothoracic fascia over the apices of the lungs

35
Q

Trachea location and what is it continuous with superiorly?

A

Larynx superiorly

Anterior to the esophagus

36
Q

Esophagus continuous with what superiorly?

A

Pharynx

37
Q

What artery is found on right but not left and what does it give origin to?

A

Brachiocephalic

Origin to the right common carotid and right subclavian

38
Q

Brachiocephalic artery

A

Branch of the aorta

Gives origin to right common carotid and right subclavian

39
Q

Left common carotid artery origin and supply

A

Supplies head and neck

Branch of aorta

40
Q

Left subclavian origin and supply

A

Left upper extermity

Branch of the aorta

41
Q

Subclavian artery location and branches

A

Posterior to the anterior scalenes

Vertebral, internal thoracic and thyrocervical arteries

42
Q

Subclavian veins location and function

A

Drain upper extremities

Anterior to the anterior scalenes

43
Q

Internal jugular veins function and what it forms

A

Drains the brain

Joins with subclavian veins to form brachiocephalic veins

44
Q

Thoracic duct and where it empties

A

Terminal portion of lymphatic system

Empties into venous at left internal jugular and left subclavian veins

45
Q

Vagus nerves

A

Cranial nerve 10

Parasympathetic for neck, thorax, and abdomen

46
Q

Phrenic nerves and location

A

C3, C4, and C5
Innervate the diaphragm
On the anterior scalene muscles

47
Q

Anterior scalene muscles and location relative to Brachial plexus

A

Anterior

Muscles of the neck

48
Q

Thoracic diaphragm

A

Dome shaped musculofibrous septum that separates the thoracic cavity from abdominla cavity

49
Q

Primary muscle of respiration

A

Thoracic diaphragm

50
Q

Right crus attahcment

A

First three lumbar vertebrae

51
Q

Left crus attachment

A

First 2 lumbar vertebrae

52
Q

Central tendon of thoracic diaphragm

A

Strong aponeurosis for attachment of diaphragm muscles

53
Q

Foramen of the vena cava located

A

In the central tendon of the thoracic diaphragm

54
Q

Contraction of diaphragm does what to central tendon?

A

Lowers it

55
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

Phrenic nerves - motor and sensory

Intercostal nerves - some sensory arround the edges

56
Q

Blood supply of the diaphragm

A

Superior and inferior phrenic arteries (from aorta)
Intercostal arteries
Internal thoracic arteries

57
Q

Vertebrae level of central tendon attachment

A

L3

58
Q

Vertebrae level of vena cava foramen and what passes through

A

T8

Inferior vena cava

59
Q

Level of esophageal hiatus and what passes through

A

T10
Esophagus
Vagus nerves

60
Q

Level of aortic hiatus and what passes through

A

T12
Aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct

61
Q

Respiratory mechanics

A

Superior - inferior: Action of diaphragm
Anterior - posterior: Pump-handle
Lateral - Lateral: Bucket handle

62
Q

Quiet inspiration muscles

A

Primarily diaphragm

63
Q

Quiet expiration

A

Passive recoil

64
Q

Forced inspiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Scalens
Sternocleidomastoid

65
Q

Forced expiration

A

Abdominal wall muscles
INternal intercostals
Transversus thoracis

66
Q

Cartilaginous joints of the thoracic wall

A 
Intervertebral
Costochondral
1st sternocostal joint (1st rib and manubrium)
Manubriosternal
Xiphisternal
67
Q

Synovial joints of thoracic wall

A

Costovertebral (head of rib with vertebra)
2-7 sternocostal joints
Interchondral

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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