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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Gastrointestinal Development > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Most common congenital GI anomaly

A

Intestinal obstruction

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2
Q

When does part of inestines herniate out and back in ?

A

Week 6-10

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3
Q

Foregut

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum
Pancreas
Liver
Biliary system
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4
Q

Midgut

A 
Distal duodenum
Most small intestine
Cecum
Appendix 
Ascending colon
Right 1/2 of tvs colon
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5
Q

Hindgut

A 
Distal 1/2 tvs colon 
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Superor part of anal cnaal
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6
Q

Gut tube formed by

A

Incorporation of dorsal yolk sac into embryo

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7
Q

Gut tube extends from

A

oropharyngeal to cloacal membrane

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8
Q

Vitelline duct

A

Connects yolk sac to midgut

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9
Q

Celiac artery supplies

A

Foregut except pharynx, resp tract, and intra-thoracic esophagus

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10
Q

Mid gut supply

A

Suprior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

Hindgut supply

A

Inferior mesenteric

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12
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of gut

A

Vagus nerve innervates foregut and midgut

Pelvic splanchnis innervates hindgut (S2-S4)

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13
Q

Foregut derivatives

A 
Pharynx and deriv
Lower resp
Esophagus and stomach
Duodenum (superior half)
Liver, biliary, and pancreas
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14
Q

Stomach formation

A

Dorsal stomach wall becomes greater curvature
Ventral stomach wall becomes lesser curvature
From caudal foregut

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15
Q

Stomach rotates how?

A

Clockwise

Left becomes ventral and right becomes dorsal

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16
Q

Ventral wall/dorsal wall of stomach innervation

A

Left vagus - ventral

Right vagus - dorsal

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17
Q

How is stomach suspended from dorsal and ventral ab walls

A

Mesogastrium (dorsal and ventral mesenteries)

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18
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium becomes

A

Greater omentum

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19
Q

Rotation of dorsal mesogastrium forms

A

OMental bursa (lesser sac)

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20
Q

Ventral mesogastrium becomes

A

Lesser omentum

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21
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Thickening of smooth muscle in pyloric region of the stomach
Prevents food from emptying properly into duodenum

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22
Q

Duodenum formed from

A

Caudal foregut and cranial midgut

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23
Q

Where does common bile duct attach?

A

Junction of foregut and midgut

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24
Q

Rotation of stomach rotates duodenal loop

A

To the right and pushes pancreas and udodenum into retroperitoneal postion

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25
Q

Duodenal stenosis

A

When lumen narrowed as a result of failed recanalization

Vomiting

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26
Q

Duodenal atresia

A

When lumen is occuded
Associated with other severe conditions
Double bubble

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27
Q

Pancreas formed from

A

Foregut endoderm

Dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds between layers of mesenter y

28
Q

Duodenal rotation moves what parts of pancreas

A

Ventral pancreatic bud posterior to the dorsal bud and fuses

29
Q

Ventral pancreatic bud becomes what part of pancreas?

A

Head, uncinate, and most of main duct

30
Q

Dorsal bud forms

A

Rest of pancreas

31
Q

Main pancreatic duct from

A

Dorsla and ventral duct anastamose

32
Q

Biliary development

A

Caudal foregut endoderm grows out to form hepatic diverticulum into surroudning mesoderm

33
Q

Hepatic diverticulum divides into

A

Cranial and caudal portion

34
Q

Cranial portion of hepatic diverticulum forms

A

Liver

Hepatic cords from endoderm and fibrous and hemopoeitic blood forming cells from septum transversum

35
Q

Caudal portion of hepatic diverticulum forms

A

Gallbladder and cystic duct

Endodermal lined

36
Q

Bile duct from

A

From common stalk connecting the hepatic and cystic ducts

37
Q

Liver encased by

A

Ventral mesogastrium

38
Q

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament connect liver to

A

Stomach and ab wall

39
Q

As midgut elongates, forms a midgut loop around

A

Superior mesenteric artery

40
Q

Physiological umbilical herniation

A

Growing midgut loop moves into extraembryonic space

41
Q

Cranial loop of midgut forms

A

Jejunum and upper ileum

Coils a lot

42
Q

Caudal limb of midgut forms

A

Lower ilem
Ascending colon
1/2 of transverse (proximal)
Grows very little

43
Q

Cecal diverticulum develops into

A

Cecum and appendix

44
Q

Which limb returns first and what happens when it does?

A

Yolk stalk eliminated

Cranial limb

45
Q

Which part returns last?

A

Cecum

46
Q

Return of colon does what to duodenum and pancreas

A

Presses against posterior abdominal wall

47
Q

Jejunum and ileum retain

A

Mesenteries

48
Q

Ascending and Descending colon become secondarily retroperitoneal how?

A

Dorsal mesentery fuses with peritoneum

49
Q

Greater omentum fuses with

A

istself and mesentery of transverse colon

50
Q

Umbilical hernias

A

When midgut hernia reduces normally but herniates again through imperfectly closed umbilicus (covered by subq and skin)

51
Q

Gastroshisis

A

Defect in ventral ab wall
Viscera extrude without umbilical cord involvement
From incomplete embryonic folding

52
Q

Ileal (Meckel’s) diverticulum

A

Persistence of proximal yolk stalk

May become inflamed and cause appendicitis

53
Q

Terminal end of hindgut lined with

A

Cloaca - endoderm lined puch

54
Q

Cloaca contacts

A

Ectoderm of proctoderum and cloacal membrane

55
Q

Proctodeum

A

Invagination of surface of ectoderm caused by proliferation of mesoderm around cloacal membrane

56
Q

Cloaca partitioned by

A

Urorectal septum into rectum and seuprior anal canal

As well as primitive urogenital sinus

57
Q

Urorectal septum composed of

A

Lateral and longitudinal folds

58
Q

Mesoderm proliferation produces elevations of surface ectoderm at the

A

Anal membrane

59
Q

Anal membrane located at

A

Proctodeum

60
Q

Lower anal canal develops from

A

Proctodeum

61
Q

Lower anal canal is NOT

A

a part of hidgut

62
Q

Pectinate line marks

A

Junction of upper and lower canals

63
Q

Lower anal canal vs/ upper pain and structure

A

Lower - ecto derm and localized pain

Upper - endo and visceral pain

64
Q

Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung’s disease)

A

Neurological dysfunction that affects colon
Abnormality of autonomic ganglia
Failure of peristalsis
Neural crest cell problem

65
Q

Anorectal agenesis

A

Rectum ends too far superior either blindly or iwht a fistula to bladder, urethra, vagina, or vestibule

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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