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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

How is bony pelvis divided and what are regions

A

Superior peliv aperture (pelvic inlet)
False (greater) pelivs above
True (lesser) pelvis between inlet and outlet

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2
Q

Bony boundary of pelvic inlet

A

Pevlic brim

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3
Q

Position for pelvis exam

A

Lithotomy position

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4
Q

Pelvic outlet is also called

A

Inferior pelvic aperture

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5
Q

Midpelvic (tranverse) diameter

A

Line between ischial spaces

Smallest line that baby must pass through

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6
Q

Obstetric (true) conjugate

A

Line from the sacral promentory to the pubic symphysis

Shorter than diagonal

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7
Q

Diagonal conjugate and how to measure

A

Palpate sacral promontory…line extends to the inferior aspect of pubic symphysis…line will be longer than true conjugate

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8
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament attachments

A

Extends from sacrum to medial margin of ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

Sacrospinous attachments

A

From medial margin of lower sacrum to ischial spine

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10
Q

Obturator membrane closes off

Allows passage of

A

Most of obturator foramen

Obturator artery, vein, and nerve

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11
Q

Innfer surface of pelvis, hip bone, and sacrum, largerly covered by

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

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12
Q

Pelvic diagphragm

A

Sling-like muscular structure covering pelvic floor

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13
Q

Posterior part of pelvic diaphragm and relative location to sacrospinous

A

Coccygeus

Deep

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14
Q

Anterior part of pelvic floor

A

Levator ani muscles

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15
Q

What do levator ani muscles arise from

A

Tendinous arch

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16
Q

What is tendinous arch

A

Thickening of fascia covering obturator internus muscle

Gives rise to levator ani muscles

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17
Q

Puborectalis muscle and what it is important for

A

Fibers of levator ani that loop around rectum

Maintaining fecal continenence

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18
Q

Levator ani muscle innervation

A

Sacral plexus

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19
Q

Perineum

A

Region below pelvic diaphragm

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20
Q

Deep pouch of the perineum composition and function

A

Composed of muscle, connective tissue, and neurovascular structures
Supports urogenital organs

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21
Q

Where does deep pouch not extend

A

Posteriorly past the ischial tuberosities to support the rectum

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22
Q

Perineal body

A

Midline know of fibrous connective tissue connecting pelvic floor and deep pouch of perineum

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23
Q

Damage to peliv floor, perineal body, or deep pouch can lead to

A

Incontinence, prolapse of the bladder or prolapse of the uterus through the vagina

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24
Q

3 systems of pelvic anterior to posterior

A

Urinary, reproductive, digestive

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25
Q

Rectum is continuation of what and begins where?

A

Sigmoid colon

Pelvic brim

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26
Q

Lumen of rectum exhibits what?

A

3 permanent transverse folds

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27
Q

Smooth muscle over rectum formed from

A

Taeniae coli of the colon

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28
Q

When is rectum renamed anal canal?

A

Region of perineum

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29
Q

Arterialy supply of rectum and origins

A 
Superior rectal (from inferior mesenteric)
Middle rectal (from internal iliac)
Inferior rectal (from internal pudendal from internal iliac)
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30
Q

Venous return of rectum and where they drain to

A

Superior rectal vein (portal venous system)
Middle rectal vein (to internal iliac vein to IVC)
Inferior rectal vein (to internal pudendal vein to internal iliac vein to IVC)

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31
Q

Portocaval anastomosis

A

Connects superior, middle, and inferior regions of rectal venous plexus…means if superior is blocked, will drain to middle and inferior)

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32
Q

Hemorrhoids formed from

A

Longitudinal venous channels that are dilated…result of portocaval anastomosis

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33
Q

Rectal venous plexus also anastomsis with what (cancer)

A

Urinary bladder, prostate, uterovaginal plexus)

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34
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of rectum

A

S2-4 and joins pelvic splanchnics (ganglion in wall of target organ)

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35
Q

Sympathetic innervation of recum

A

Comes from lower regions of the IML to collateral ganglion in lubrosacral plexus

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36
Q

Lumbrosacral plexus also innervates

A

Anal sphincter

37
Q

Somatomotor and somatosensory innervation of the rectum

A

Pudendal - both

38
Q

What does pudendal nerve also innervate?

A

External anal sphincter

39
Q

Types of nerve fibers of rectum

A

Para
Symp
Somatomotor and sensory

40
Q

As rectum enters the pelvis____

A

Fixed to the body wall

41
Q

What seals the rectum

A

Kinking mechanism

42
Q

Why is inferior anal canal immobile?

A

External anal sphincter

43
Q

Anorectal angle

A

Region of rectum passing through pelvic diaphragm

Pretty immobile

44
Q

Puborectalis

A

Loops around the rectum at the anorectal angle

45
Q

Contrction of puborectalis

A

Will draw rectum anteriorly, cuasing the tube to fold…analogous to kinking a garden hos e

46
Q

What makes fold even more secure

A

Intraabdominal pressure

47
Q

Where do ureters pass pelvic brim?

A

Bifurcation of common iliac arteries

48
Q

In the female/Male, ureter is crossed superiorly by

A

Uterine artery

Ductus deferens

49
Q

Detrusor muscle

A

Main muscle of the bladder

50
Q

Interior walls of bladder exhibit

A

Mucosal folds EXCEPT in the trigone

51
Q

When empty, bladder lies _____, when ballooned it lies -____

A

True pelvis…ab cavity

52
Q

Apex of bladder

A

Continuous with the medial umbilical ligament (urachus) of the anterior ab wall
Most anterior corner

53
Q

Superior surface of bladder

A

Covered by peritoneum and expands when filled

54
Q

Base of the bladder

A

Most inferior and least distensible part

55
Q

Ureters enter the bladder

A

At upper corner of the base

56
Q

Uterovesical junctions

A

Prevent backflow of urine during bladder contraction

57
Q

Trigone location

A

Smooth portion of bladder wall

Tapers toward neck

58
Q

Internal urethral sphincter adjacent to what in male and female

A

Prostate gland

Deep pouch of perineum

59
Q

Bladder blood supply

A

Internal iliac artery — superior and inferior vesicles aa

60
Q

Detrusor muscle innervation

A

Parasympathetic

S2-S4

61
Q

Internal urethral sphincter innervated by

A

Sympathetic fibers

62
Q

In order to fill bladder, detrusor muscle and sympathetic fibers

A

Detrusor relaxes and sympathetic fibers elicit contractio of internal sphincter

63
Q

TO empy bladder

A

Visceral affarent fibers carry to S2-S4 that elicit a parasym response…contracts detrusor AND ALSO inhibits internal urethral sphincter

64
Q

Atonic or flaccid bladder

A

Inability to empty completely

May be because of neurological lesions of parasympathetic (sacral cord)

65
Q

Spastic bladder (over active bladder)

A

Inability to fill the bladder

May be due to neurologic lesions to sympathetic portion (above sacral level)

66
Q

Urethra connects (in males)

A

Urinary bladder and testis to genitalia

67
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

Passes through prostate where ejaculatory ducts deposit contents

68
Q

Membranous urethra

A

Passes through deep pouch of perineum
Surrounded by external urethral sphincter
Most easily ruptured during catheter placement

69
Q

Spongy urethra

A

Longest portion

Surrounded by corpus spongiosum of penis

70
Q

Upper portion of female urethra lies

A

Between bladder and UG diaphragm

71
Q

BPH

A

Bening prostatic hypertrophy

Enlarged prostate prevents flow of urine through prostatic urethra

72
Q

Uterus orientation

A

Anteverted - anterior lies superior

Anteflexed - slightly bent forward

73
Q

How are ovaries attached to posterior body wall?

A

Suspensory ligaments - also provides route for artery and vein

74
Q

Proper ovarian ligament

A

Attaches uterus to lower pole of ovary

75
Q

Infundibulum

A

Has hair like appendages called fimbriae that engulf egg

76
Q

Ampulla

A

Mid region and site of fertilization

77
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrowest part of tube that joins uterus

78
Q

Mesosalpinx of broad ligament

A

Covers and supports uterine tubes

79
Q

Pouches of peritoneum found in men and women

A 
Rectouterine and vesicouterine pouch (female)
Rectovesical pouch (male)
80
Q

Broad ligament

A

What peritoneum renamed when it drapes over sides of female reproductive structures
Double layered

81
Q

Mesometrium

A

Directly apply to uterus

82
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

Covers uterine tube and attaches tube to mesometrium

83
Q

Mesovarium

A

Supports ovary

84
Q

Larger majority of ovary in infundibulum covered by ______

A

germinal epithelium

85
Q

Pelvis fascia type

A 
Investing 
Endopelvic fascia (covers walls and organs)
Subserous fascia (loose adipose tissue packing material)
86
Q

Transverse cervical ligament (or cardinal ligaments)

A

Support the uterus or vagina

***Uterine artery/vein will pass through this

87
Q

Pubocervical ligament

A

Support bladder and cervix

88
Q

Uterosacral ligaments

A

Stabilize uterus and rectum

89
Q

What supports gorwing baby in abdominal cavity

A

Borad ligament, endopelvic fascia, and pelvic diaphgram

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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