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Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Levator ani forms

A

Floor of pelvis and roof of perineum

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2
Q

Blood supply and innervation of perienum

A

Internal pudendal artery

Pudendal nerve

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3
Q

How do internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve leave pelvis and enter perineum

A

Greater sicatic foramen

Lesser sicatic foramen

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4
Q

Roof/floor of lesses sciatic foramen

A

Roof - sacrotuberous lig

Floor - Sacrospinous lig

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5
Q

Pudendal canal

A

Internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve become covered with deep fascia and lie on obturator internus

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6
Q

Branches of internal pudendal artery nad pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal artery and nerve

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7
Q

Perineum boundaries

A

Pubic symphysis
L/R ischiopubic ramus
L/R ischial tuberosities
Coccyx

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8
Q

Two triangles of perineum

A 
Urogenital triangle (anterior )
Anal triangle (posterior)
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9
Q

Orientations of triangle

A

Urogen - horizontal with floor

Anal - vertical

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10
Q

Urogenital triangle divided into

A

Deep and superficial pouch of perineum

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11
Q

Deep pouch location, composition, innervation

A

Below levator ani and expands entire urogen triangle
Muscle and conn tissue membrane
Voluntrary control by perineal branches of pudendal nerve

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12
Q

What must happen before micturition can occur?

A

Muscles of deep pouch must relax

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13
Q

Perineal membrane

A

Inferior membrane of deep pouch

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14
Q

External genitalia location

A

Below deep pouch

In the superficial pouch

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15
Q

Contents of deep pouch

A 
Deep transverse perineal muscle 
External urethral sphincter muscle
Compressor urethra (female)
Membranous urethra 
Bulbourethral glands (males)
Branches of pudendal nerve - dorsal nerve and arteries of the penis and clitoris
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16
Q

Superficial pouch muscle and location to perineal membrane

A 
Inferior
Crura of penis/clitoris 
Bulb of penis/vestibular bulbs 
Ischicavernosus m
Bulbospongiosus m 
Greater vestibular gland m (females)
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
17
Q

Perineal body…attachment points for

A 
Mass of tissue in btween ischial tuberosities
Levaotr ani
Deep perineal membrane
Bulbospongiosus membrane
External anal sphincter
18
Q

Tears of perineal body lead to

A

Compromise structure of pelvis/perineum…prolapse of organs and urinary incontinence

19
Q

Scarpas fascia

A

Abdominal region

20
Q

Dartos fascia

A

Region of scrotum and penis (no superficial fatty fascia here)

21
Q

Colles fascia

A

Region of urogenital triangle (superficial fatty has disappeared)

22
Q

Exceptions to fascial cleft between superficial and deep fascia

A

Scarpas fascia will fuse to fascia lata

Lateral and posterior edge of Colles will fuse to perineal membrane

23
Q

What does Colles connection to perineal result in?

A

No communication between deep pouch and anal trinalge

24
Q

Anal canal divides anal triangle into

A

Ischioanal fossae

25
Q

Boundaries of anal trinalge

A

Superior and medial - sloping of levator ani (pelvic diaphragm)
Lateral - Obturator internus (important)
Posterior - skin

26
Q

Pudendal (Alcock’s) canal formed by ____ and contains ____

A

Obturator fascia

Internal pudendal artery, vein, and pudendal nerve

27
Q

What emerges from pudendal canal

A

Inferior rectal arteries and nerves

28
Q

When does rectum end?

A

When puborectalis encircles it

29
Q

Internal anal sphincter composed of

A

Thickened continuation of inner circular layer of smooth muscle from retum

30
Q

External sphincter composed of

A

Skeletal muscle

31
Q

Anocyccygeal rphe

A

Attaches external sphincter to coccyx

32
Q

Anal columns and sinuses

A

Folds and recesses between columns of anal canal

Mucous membrane

33
Q

Anal valves

A

Join anal columns at inferior ends

34
Q

Anal crypts and why significant?

A

Spaces behind anal valve

Focal point for infection…can lead to ischioanal fossa fistula

35
Q

Pectinate line formed from

A

Lower margins of anal valves

36
Q

Arterial supply above and below pec line

A

above - inferior mesenteric by superior rectal arteries

Below - internal pudendal by inferior rectal arteries

37
Q

Venous drainage change at pec line

A

Above - hepatic portal vein by superior rectal vein

Below - caval system by inferior rectal veins

38
Q

Lymphatic drainage change at pec line

A

Above - internal iliac lymph nodes (deep)

Below - inguinal lymph nodes (superficial)

39
Q

Innervation change at pec line

A

Above - autonomic fibers (poor localization)

Below - Pudendal nerve (precise localization)

Anatomy and Radiology Test 2 (18 decks)

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