Cardiac Exam

Question 1

Sternum mostly covers the

Answer 1

Right ventricle

Question 2

MCL will touch the

Answer 2

left border of LV

Question 3

Point of maximal impulse is where on the heart

Answer 3

Left ventricle at midclavicular line

Question 4

Open during systole/diastole

Answer 4

Systole - aortic and pulmonic

Diastole - tricuspid and bicuspid

Question 5

Jugular venous pressure reflect pressure of

Answer 5

Right atrium and right ventricular diastolic filling pressure

Question 6

PMI surface anatomy

Answer 6

5th or 4th left intercostal space

Question 7

Heaves and lifts where to palpate

Answer 7

Left lower sternal border and apex

Question 8

Thrills and where to palpate

Answer 8

Ball of hand at 2nd right intercostal space

Question 9

Thrills are

Answer 9

Vibrations from valve turbulence

Question 10

Heaves/lifts are

Answer 10

Sustained ventricular motions

Question 11

Ausculation of heart valves

Answer 11

Aortic - 2nd right intercostal
Pulmonic - 2nd left intercostal
Tricuspid - lower left sternal border
Mitral - apex (4th or 5th intercostal space)

Question 12

S1 - S2

S2 - S1

Answer 12

systole

Diastle

Question 13

S1 is closure of and what are pressures?

Answer 13

Mitral and tricuspid valves

LV&raquo_space;> atrium

Question 14

S2 closure of what and what are pressures?

Answer 14

LV

Question 15

S2 best heard

Answer 15

At base

2nd intercostal space

Question 16

Which is longer

Answer 16

Diastole

Question 17

Why is S2 unique?

Answer 17

Splitting during inspiration

Pulmonic will close later than aortic

Question 18

Split of S2 best heard at

Answer 18

Left 2nd intercostal space

Question 19

Ventricular gallops (S3/S4) best heard with which part of stethoscope?

Answer 19

Bell

Question 20

When is S3 and S4 heard? and what are frequncies

Answer 20

S3 - early diastole
S4 - right before atrial contraction
Low frequency

Question 21

S3 is due to

Answer 21

Rapid, early ventricular filling

Loss of ventricle compliance, diastolic overloading, heart failure

Question 22

Where to hear S3

Answer 22

Mitral are if produced by left
Sternal borders if produced by right
Left lateral

Question 23

S4 due to

Answer 23

Ventricular resistance to atrial filling

Ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, MI, hypertension, mitral regurgitation

Question 24

S4 best heard in

Answer 24

Left lateral position/supine

Question 25

Murmurs causedb y

Answer 25

Increased or turbulent blood flow

Question 26

Pericardial friction rubs and how to hear

Answer 26

Inflammation of pericardium

Have patient lean forward and hold breath in expiration

Question 27

Phases of jugular venous pulsations

Answer 27

Biphasic

Question 28

Murmurs best detected with what part of stethoscope?

Answer 28

Diaphragm

Question 29

Mitral stenosis best detected with what part of stethoscope?

Answer 29

Bell

Question 30

Where is MS best heard and when does it occur?

Answer 30

over apex in left lateral position

Diastolic murmur

Question 31

How to hear aortic regurgitation and what is it

Answer 31

Diastolic murmur

Best over Left lower sternal border with patient seated, leaning forward, and full expiration