Cardiac Exam Flashcards
Sternum mostly covers the
Right ventricle
MCL will touch the
left border of LV
Point of maximal impulse is where on the heart
Left ventricle at midclavicular line
Open during systole/diastole
Systole - aortic and pulmonic
Diastole - tricuspid and bicuspid
Jugular venous pressure reflect pressure of
Right atrium and right ventricular diastolic filling pressure
PMI surface anatomy
5th or 4th left intercostal space
Heaves and lifts where to palpate
Left lower sternal border and apex
Thrills and where to palpate
Ball of hand at 2nd right intercostal space
Thrills are
Vibrations from valve turbulence
Heaves/lifts are
Sustained ventricular motions
Ausculation of heart valves
Aortic - 2nd right intercostal
Pulmonic - 2nd left intercostal
Tricuspid - lower left sternal border
Mitral - apex (4th or 5th intercostal space)
S1 - S2
S2 - S1
systole
Diastle
S1 is closure of and what are pressures?
Mitral and tricuspid valves
LV»_space;> atrium
S2 closure of what and what are pressures?
LV
S2 best heard
At base
2nd intercostal space
Which is longer
Diastole
Why is S2 unique?
Splitting during inspiration
Pulmonic will close later than aortic
Split of S2 best heard at
Left 2nd intercostal space
Ventricular gallops (S3/S4) best heard with which part of stethoscope?
Bell
When is S3 and S4 heard? and what are frequncies
S3 - early diastole
S4 - right before atrial contraction
Low frequency
S3 is due to
Rapid, early ventricular filling
Loss of ventricle compliance, diastolic overloading, heart failure
Where to hear S3
Mitral are if produced by left
Sternal borders if produced by right
Left lateral
S4 due to
Ventricular resistance to atrial filling
Ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, MI, hypertension, mitral regurgitation
S4 best heard in
Left lateral position/supine
