Development of Vasculature Flashcards by Garrett Oberst

Blood vessels develop from

Angioblastic cords from mesoderm

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Livers role

Main hematopoietic organ until others take over

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Where do small blood vessels first form and what do they become?

In extraembryonic mesoderm of connecting stalk

Umbilical cord

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When folding is occurring, where are blood vessels developing and are they connected?

IN yolk sac, vitelline duct, and connecting stalk

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Prominant artery during folding

Dorsal aortae

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Each pharyngeal arch will have ______ and what are they derived from?

a pair of aortic arches

From aortic sac of heart

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Aortic arches connect distally to

Pair of dorsal aortae

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Dorsal aortae connect to yolk sac by _____ and placenta by _____

Vitelline art

Umbilical art

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Three vitelline arteries survive to become______

Unpaired arteries of adult that supply foregut, midgut, and hindgut

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Remnants of umbilical arteries

Ligamentous remnants from internal iliac artery

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Lateral folding and dorsal aortae

Causes the two dorsal aorta to form a single aorta caudal to the neck
In neck and head, they remain separate

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Distally, two dorsal aorta fuse to form

Common aorta

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Aortic sac

Rostral common outflow of developing heart and connects heart to pairs of aortic arches

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Truncus arterioies

Common tube leading from heart to aortic sac

Forms asecnding aorta and pulmonary trunk

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1st aortic arch…what does it form and when does it form

First and disappears first

Forms maxillary artery that supplies deep regions of face

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2nd aortic arch…what does it and form and when

Begins to lose connection with aortic sac after formed but still connected to dorsal aorta
Forms stapedial artery which regresses

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Dorsal aorta between which two arches is lost?

3rd and 4th

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Postion of dorsal arota cranial to 3rd aortic arch forms

Continuous tube with 3rd arch

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External carotid from

proximal part of 3rd aortic arch

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Common arotid from

Part of 3rd aortic arch proximal to external arotids origin

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Aortic sac regresss where?

In region where 3rd aortic arch arises

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What is notable segmental artery?

7th cervical intersegmental artery sprouts from each dorsal aorta proximal to their fusion

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Where do segmental arteries arise forom

Dorsal aorta

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4th aortic arches fate

Remain associated with aortic sac

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6th aoritc arches fate

Remain associated with aortic sac and trunucs arteroisis

Truncus arteriosis and aortic sac undergo septation to form

Pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta

aortic sac associated with which arch is lost?

6th

6th aortic arch becomes continuous with

Truncus arteriosis

What sprouts from 6th aortic arch?

Right and left pulmonary arteries

Which portion of 6th aortic arch is lost?

Right part distal to the sprouting artery

What part of 7th intersegmental is lost

Right dorsal aorta

Continuous vessel form between which after 7th segmental artery loses right dorsal aorta

Right dorsal aorta, right 7th intersegmental, right 4th aortic arch

Right 4th aortic arch becomes

Right subclavian

3rd aortic arches become

Common carotid, proximal part of internal carotid, external carotid

Left 4th aortic arch becomes

Aortic arch between left common carotid and left subclavian artery

Right 4th aortic arch becomes

Proximal part of subclavian artery

Prixmal right and left 6th aortic arches become

Proximal parts of right and left pulmonary arteries

Distal left 6th aortic arch forms

Ductus arteriosis

Aortic sac associated with and forms

4th arch | Ascending aorta, part of arch of aorta, right brachiocephalic artery

Right dorsal aorta forms

Intermediate portion of right subclavian artery

7th intersegmental arteries form

Parts of right subclavian and all of left subclavian

Left dorsal aorta forms

Descending aorta

Double aortic arch

Right dorsal aorta persists between 7th intersegmental artery and junction with left dorsal aorta Can compress trachea and esophagus

Coarctation of aorta

Constriction of aorta mostly at ductus arteriosis

Postductal coarctation

Constriction just distal to ductus arteriosis | Permits development of collateral circulation during fetal development that helps supply blood to inferior parts of body

Preductal coarctation

If severe, can be given prostaglandin E2 to try to reopen ductus arteriosis

Liver invades _____ and causes them to form _____

Both vitelline veins | Hepatic sinusoids

Parts of hepatic sinusoids coalesce to form

Ductus venosus

What anastomoses with ductus venosus

Left umbilical vein

Right vitelline vein distal to liver becomes

Hepatic portal vein | Superior mesenteric vein

Hwat becomes umbilical vein?

Distal portion of left umbilical vein

Ductus venosus allows

Blood to enter directly enter heart

Left umbilical vein atrophies to becomes

Ligamentum teres hepatis

Ductus venosus atrophies to becomes

Ligamentum venosum

Anterior and posterior cardinal veins drain

Blood from head and neck | Remainder of embryo

Common cardinal drains to

Sinus venosus

Distal right anterior cardinal vein becomes

Brachipcephalic vein (right)

Anastomosis between right and left anterior cardinal veins and remainder of rostral left cardinal vein becomes

left brachiocephalic vein

Proximal right anterior cardianl vein and right common cardinal vein becomes

Superior vena cava

Supracardinal veins develop from what and receive drainage from

Posterior cardinal veins - eventually anastomose | Somite segmental veins

Which supracardinal vein loses connection and where odes it drain

Left proximal | Drains to left proximal posterior cardinal vein

Right supracardinal vein becomes

Azygos vein

Left proximal supracardinal vein becomes

Accessaory hemiazygos vein

Left distal supracardinal vein becmes

Hemiazygos veins

Supracardinal veins become

azygos system

Segmental vessels become

intercostal veins

Which part of cardinal veins persist and what do they become?

Caudal posterior cardinal veins | Become part of interior vena cava and common iliac

Subcardinal veins form

Part of IVC

Right subcardinal vein connects to

Supracardinal vein

Right subcardinal vein loses connection to

Right posterior cardinal vein

IVC formation

Right vitelline - hepatic Right subcardinal - suprarenal Supracardinal - infrarenal POsteroir cardinal - caudal and common iliac veins

Loss of right sixth aortic arch allows

Right recurrent loop of vagus to loop around right fourth aortic arch

Left sixth aortic arch is

Maintain and left recurrent says in same position

Which recurrent branch of vagus nerve is higher?

Right