reproduction and development

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

single individual can reproduce
large # of offspring quickly
all adapted to parental environment

Question 2

sexual reproduction

Answer 2

need two individuals to reproduce
genetic diversity
better for changing environment

typically two diploid individuals produce haploid gametes through meiosis
haploid gametes fuse through fertilization to make a new diploid individual
- new genome
- growth through mitosis

Question 3

types of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

fission
budding
fragmentation

Question 4

fission

Answer 4

1 organism splits equally into 2 organisms
binary fission
identical
prokaryotes, some invertebrate multicellular organisms
examples- coral polyps and sea anemones

Question 5

budding

Answer 5

1 organism into 2 organisms through outgrowth of a body part
identical
some invertebrates
examples- hydra and corals

Question 6

fragmentation

Answer 6

1 organism into 2 organisms through breaking off of a body part and subsequent regeneration
identical
some invertebrates
examples- sea stars, annelid worms, turbellarians, poriferans

Question 7

types of sexual reproduction

Answer 7

haplodiploidy and hermaphroditism

Question 8

haplodiploidy

Answer 8

haploid males and diploid females
ex- bees, wasps and ants

Question 9

hermaphroditism

Answer 9

individual makes both eggs and sperm
can self-fertilize or mate with another individual
- both produce offspring
common in animals with limited mobility
examples- snails, barnacles, and clams