Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Biology 2 > Plant diversity > Flashcards

Plant diversity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

challenges of plant life on earth**

A

a scarcity of water and lack of structural support against gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the adaptations that allowed plants to colonize earth**

A

protection from desiccation(drying out)
alternation of generations
vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the traits shared by green algae and land plants**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the main characteristics of land plants**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe major steps in the life cycle of plants**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain the phylogenetic relationships of land plants**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list the major groups and classes of land plants**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the main features of bryophytes**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ecological and economical importance of moss**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the traits of seedless non-vascular and vascular plants**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe innovations that allowed seed plants to reproduce in the absence of water**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list the four groups of modern-day gymnosperms and provide examples of each**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain why angiosperms are the dominant form of plant life in most terrestrial ecosystems**

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the life cycle of typical angiosperm **

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sporopollenin

A

a polymer that prevents zygotes from drying out
also found in plant spore walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are green plants referred to as

A

streptophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are land plants called

A

embryophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two groups that land plants are classified into

A

non-vascular and vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two major groups of green algae

A

chlorophytes and charophytes
charophytes are the closest relatives of plants
reproduce sexually and asexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

evidence of algal ancestry

A

plants and some algae are multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophs

some algae, like plants, have cellulose in their cell walls and chloroplasts containing chlorophyll a and b

cellulose-synthesizing membrane proteins are arranged in rings, rather than linear sets
structure of flagellated sperm

sequence similarities in nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

alternation of generations(haplodiplontic cycle)

A

type of plant life cycle consisting of multicellular forms that give rise to each other in turn

has two stages: multicellular diploid stage and haploid stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

multicellular diploid stage

A

the whole plant is called the sporophyte
all the cells in the sporophyte plant are diploid at first
only the sporocytes go through meiosis to produce haploid cells called spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are sporocytes located

A

sporangium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In multicellular diploid stage what happens when meiosis is complete

A

spores are still in the sporangium, then it cracks open and releases the spores

25
Q

Multicellular haploid stage

A

is called the gametophyte
haploid spore is released from the sporangium, it lands on moist soil and germinated until the whole gametophyte is grown
a few cells in an organ called gametangium to go through mitosis to form gametes
sperm will swim to the egg and the gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote
zygotes grow by mitosis into the next sporophyte plant

26
Q

alternation of generation happen between what and explain the process

A

between the 1n gametophyte and 2n sporophyte. mitosis occurs in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations. diploid sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis, while haploid gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis

27
Q

multicellular, dependent embryos

A

the diploid embryo is retained and protected within the tissue of the female gametophyte
nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo through placental transfer cells
plants are called embryophytes because of this dependency of the embryo on the parent

28
Q

what are seedless non-vascular plants known as

A

bryophytes or non-tracheophytes
they are the closest living descendants of the first land plants and require water for sexual reproduction

29
Q

bryophytes

A

simple, but highly adapted to diverse terrestrial environments
gameophyte- the most noticeable part, and the photosynthetic part
sporophytes are small and dependent

30
Q

what are the tree phyla of bryophytes

A

liverworts, hornworts, and mosses

31
Q

what is the life cycle of liverworts

A

the antheridia and archegonia are produced on separate gametophytes…

32
Q

what are characteristics of hornworts

A

they grow a tall and slender sporophyte

33
Q

What do mosses produce

A

spore-producing sacs called sporangia that grow at the ends of long thin stalks

34
Q

What are seedless vascular plants called

A

tracheophytes

35
Q

describe tracheophytes

A

most are homosporous meaning they produce one type of spore

36
Q

what is the first vascular land plant

A

cooksonia

37
Q

vascular plants

A

dominant group of land plants
diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle in tracheophytes

38
Q

what do vascular plants include

A

lycophytes(club mosses)
pterophytes(ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails)
seed plants (didnt evolve until mesozoic era)

39
Q

what the vascular tissues

A

xylem and phloem

40
Q

xylem

A

consists of dead cells called tracheids that form a tube
conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots

41
Q

phloem

A

consists of living cells
conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the plant

42
Q

in club mosses what are sporangia arranged in

A

clusters called strobili

43
Q

what do pterophytes include

A

whisk ferns- visible green stems with knob-shaped sporangia
horsetails, named for the brushy appearance of the sporophyte
ferns

44
Q

on ferns what are sori

A

appear as small bumps on the underside of a fern frond

45
Q

what is the reproductive cycle of a fern

A

produce distinctive sporangia in clusters called sori on the back of the fronds. diploid spore mother cells, sporocytes(2n), in sporangia produce haploid spores(n) by meiosis
every spore germinates into bisexual gametophyte archegonium and antheridium on the same plant
flagellated sperm

46
Q

what do seed plants include

A

includes embryo, food for the embryo, and a seed coat
allows the clock to be stopped to survive harsh periods before germinating
naked seeds first then later development of fruits enhanced dispersal

47
Q

all seed plants are _____

A

heterosporous

48
Q

heterosporous

A

they have different sporangia that produce different spore types

49
Q

male gametophytes have what

A

pollen grains
dispersed by wind r pollinator
no need for water

50
Q

female gametophytes have what

A

develop within an ovule
enclosed within diploid sporophyte tissue in angiosperms

51
Q

What are the 5 phyla of extant seed plants

A

coniferophyta
cycadophyta
genetophyta
ginkophyta
anthophyta

52
Q

phylum coniferophyta

A

most diverse
pines spruces firs cedars and other
found in colder and sometimes drier regions of the world
leaves have thick cuticle and recessed stomata to retard water loss
leaves have canals with resin to frighten insect and fungal attacks

53
Q

what is the life cycle of conifers

A

pollen from male cones blows up into upper branches where it fertilizes female cones
the megaspore develops into the female gametophyte as the pollen tube slowly grows toward it, eventually fusing with the egg and delivering a male nucleus, which combines with the female nucleus of the mature egg

54
Q

phylum Cycadophyta

A

slow-growing gymnosperms of tropical and subtropical regions
sporophytes resemble palm trees
have the largest sperm cells of all plants

55
Q

phylum gnetophyta

A

only gymnosperms with vessels in their xylem
contain three genera
welwitschia
ephedra
gnetum

56
Q

phylum ginkgoophyta

A

only one species remains
flagellated sperm

57
Q

angiosperms

A

flowering plants: seeds that develop inside chambers that originate within flowers

58
Q

what is the angiosperm life cycle

A

anthers and carpels are structures that shelter the actual gametophytes: the pollen grain and embryo sac. double fertilization is a process unique to angiosperms

General Biology 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions