protists Flashcards
list the unifying characteristics of eukaryotes**
nuclei, mitochondria, cytoskeletal elements, some lack flagella and or cilia, chromosomes organized by histones, mitosis, cell wall in some, and sexual reproduction in most
define protists**
all eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi
Explain the endosymbiotic theory**
eukaryotes may have been a product of one cell engulfing another, and coevolving over time until the separate cells were no longer recognizable as such
evidence: mitochondria: own genome, ribosomes and transfer RNA and two membrane
evidence: Plastids: have similarities to cyanobacteria
evidence:
describe the cell structure characteristics of protists**
can evolve int he absence of true multicellularity, some unicellular protists have organelles not found in most other eukaryotic cells
describe the metabolic diversity of protists**
most nutritionally diverse of all eukaryotes
exhibit many forms of nutrition and may be aerobic or anaerobic
photoautotrophs
heterotrophs
mixotrophs
phagocytosis
describe the reproduction and life cycle diversity of protists**
asexually or sexually
all three basic types of sexual life cycles animal, plant and fugal are represented among protists
identify the evolutionary relationships of plants, animals, and fungi within the six presently recognized supergroups of eukaryotes**
describe representative protist organisms from each of the supergroups**
identify defining features of protists in each of the supergroups**
describe the role that protists play in the ecosystem**
are found in diverse aquatic and moist terrestrial environments
symbiont and producer
where do protists live
soil, freshwater, brackish, and marine environments, digestive tracts of animal and the vascular tissues of plants
photoautotrophs
containing chloroplasts
heterotrophs
absorb organic molecules or ingest larger food particles
mixotrophs
combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition
phagocytosis
amoebas and some other heterotrophic protist species ingest particles
what are the supergroups of eukaryotes
excavata
sar
archaeplastida
unikonta
excavata
includes three clades parabasalids, diplomonads, and euglenozoans
modified mitochondria
spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella