invertebrate diversity

Question 1

Protosome

Question 2

deuterostome

Question 3

characteristics of sponges

Answer 3

do not have tissues but have specialized cells
free-swimming larval stage and a sessile adult stage
no nerves or muscles but individual cells can sense and react to changes in the environment
both marine and freshwater species

Question 4

sessile

Answer 4

anchored in one place, cannot escape predators

Question 5

sponge life cycle

Answer 5

free swimming larva, young sponge, adult female or male sperm or female
fertilization occurs in the mesophyl

Question 6

specialized cells on sponges

Answer 6

osculum
water goes in through the pores
amoeboid cells digest nutrients
collar cell(choanocyte) have flagella which generate current
spicule
epidermal cell
sponge wall
central cavity

Question 7

Cnidarian general characteristics

Answer 7

radial symmetry
arise from two layers of tissue
no internal organs or coelom
Marine and freshwater species
contain stinging cells on tentacles called cynidocytes
which have structures called nematocytes

Question 8

cnidarian life cycle

Answer 8

sexual or asexual
sessile in adult form (hydra)
2 life structures

Question 9

Platyhelminthes (flat worms)

Answer 9

bilateral symmetry
some level of cephalization, anterior eye spots(detect light), chemoreceptors, simple brain
follows protostome development but lacks coelom (acoelomate)
many are non-self fertilizing
marine, freshwater and terrestrial species

Question 10

hermaphrodites

Answer 10

non-self fertilizing

Question 11

playhelminthes life cycle

Answer 11

some are parasitic (tapeworms)

Question 12

general characteristics nematodes

Answer 12

roundworms
lack segmentation
most are very small
freshwater, marine, terrestrial many are parasitic
protostome development, but have a pseudocoelom filled with acellular fluid
some are hermaphroditic, some can self fertilize, some are dioecious
external layer is cuticle with collagen
can self-fertilize

Question 13

dioecious

Answer 13

male and female

Question 14

mollusks general characteristics

Answer 14

contain muscular foot, visceral mass with internal organs, and mantle- some have shell formation that can be internal or external
general classes
- bivalves clams
- Gastropoda snail
- Cephalopoda squids
marine, freshwater, terrestrial
protostome development, but are coelomates(have coelom)
some are hermaphroditic (most are non-self fertilizing), but most are dioecious

Question 15

snail anatomy

Question 16

annelids general characteristics

Answer 16

segmented worms- metamerisms
found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial
protostomic development with coelom
thin external cuticle, projecting hairlike extension called setae/chaetae
developed/ complete digestive system
some can asexually reproduce through budding, but most are either non-self fertilizing hermaphrodites or dioecious

Question 17

metamerisms

Answer 17

true segmentation

Question 18

setae/chaetae

Answer 18

thin external cuticle, projecting hairlike extensions

Question 19

Arthropoda general characteristics

Answer 19

body segment
jointed appendages
respiration can vary some have spiracles gas exchange occurs directly between the cells and air in tracheae, gills(crusteans), book lungs, book gills
some are hermaphrodites, but most are dioecious
freshwater, marine, terrestrial

Question 20

arthropoda subphylum

Answer 20

hexipoda- six pairs of legs, 3 body segments, can be winged or not, usually have antenna attached to the head, abdomen contains reproductive structures
myripoda- many legs, usually found in dead decaying matter in soil
crustacea- most are aquatic, but some terrestrial, have two body segments(head/thorax fused to produce a cephalothrorax), breathe by use of gills
chelicerata- also have two body parts , have specialized, claw-life or fang appendages known as pedipalps, can have either gills or book lungs

Question 21

Echinodermata characteristics

Answer 21

spiny skin, pentaradial symmetry in adult form, bilateral symmetry in larval stages
marine
endoskeleton made of ossicles
many have tube feet for mobility;water vascular system

Question 22

water vascular system

Answer 22

use water to create hydraulic pressure to move feet