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General Biology 2 > plant form and physiology > Flashcards

plant form and physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

describe a plant and state what makes them unique**

A

cells with organelles
photosynthesis to produce sugars
cells have cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole
cell walls contain cellulose

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2
Q

describe the shoot and the root organ systems**

A

the shoot system: the vegetative parts: leaves, stems
the reproductive parts: flowers, fruits
usually above ground

the root system: supports the plant, absorbs water and minerals from soil and usually underground

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3
Q

Describe the structure and function of stems, roots and leaves**

A
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4
Q

what are examples of modifications of stems, roots, and leaves**

A
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5
Q

know the different types of tissues in plants and the role of each**

A
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6
Q

describe how water and photosynthates are transported in plants **

A
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7
Q

know and explain how plants respond to various environmental factors**

A
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8
Q

what do the leaves provide

A

surface area

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9
Q

what do the stems provide

A

support and elevate

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10
Q

dermal tissue

A

protects organs

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11
Q

vascular tissue

A

supports and transports

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12
Q

photosynthetic cells

A

contain chloroplasts

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13
Q

tube-shaped cells

A

transport resources

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14
Q

cells with root hairs

A

increase surface area

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15
Q

ground tissue

A

carries out photosynthesis

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16
Q

roots

A

anchor and absorb

17
Q

what are the two types of tissues

A

meristematic and permanent

18
Q

meristematic tissue

A

meristems: plant regions of continuous cell division and growth
main types: apical and lateral

19
Q

permanent tissue

A

cells that are no longer actively dividing

20
Q

what are three types of permanent tissues

A

dermal: covers and protects the plant
vascular: transports water, minerals, and sugars
ground: provides support to the other tissues

21
Q

stems

A

stems consist of an alternating system of nodes and internodes
nodes are the points at which leaves are attached
internodes are the stem segments between modes
provides support to the plant and sometimes stores food for the plant

22
Q

what are the two different types of stems

A

eudicot and monocot

23
Q

eudicot stem

A

vascular bundles are arranged around the periphery of the ground tissue

24
Q

monocot stem

A

vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue

25
Q

what are examples of stem modifications

A

rhizomes(ginger)
runners(strawberry)
stolons(grass)
tubers(potatoes)
bulb(onion)

26
Q

examples of aerial modifications of stems

A

tendrils: slender and twining strands that enable a plant to seek support by climbing on other surfaces such as vines

thorns: modified branches appearing as sharp outgrowths that protect the plant such as roses

27
Q

what is the purpose of roots and types

A

anchors the plant, absorbs minerals and water, storing carbohydrates
primary and lateral roots

28
Q

primary roots

A

the first to emerge from the seed

29
Q

lateral roots

A

branch off from the primary root improving anchorage and water absorption

30
Q

eudicot vs monocot roots

A

eudicot roots: the vascular tissue forms an x shape in the center of the root

monocot root: the phloem cells and the larger xylem cells form a characteristic ring around the central pith

31
Q

root hairs

A

finger-like extensions of epidermal cells, increase the absorptive surface of the root
absorption of water and minerals typically occurs through the root hairs

mycorrhizal associations, and symbiotic interactions with soil fungi, increase mineral absorption in most plants

32
Q

examples of root modifications

A

food storage: carrots, turnips, beets
additional support: aerial root
prop roots, storage roots, pneumatophores, strangling aerial roots, buttress roots

33
Q

purpose of leaves

A

site for photosynthesis
greed due to chlorophyll content
variety of thickness, shape, size, and color

34
Q

leaf venation

A

variety of patterns: parallel, net-like, dichotomous venation

35
Q

leaf form, simple or compound

A

simple: single, undivided blade
compound: multiple leaflets

36
Q

stomata

A

found on the epidermis
regulation of gas exchange

General Biology 2 (18 decks)

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