plant form and physiology

Question 1

describe a plant and state what makes them unique**

Answer 1

cells with organelles
photosynthesis to produce sugars
cells have cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole
cell walls contain cellulose

Question 2

describe the shoot and the root organ systems**

Answer 2

the shoot system: the vegetative parts: leaves, stems
the reproductive parts: flowers, fruits
usually above ground

the root system: supports the plant, absorbs water and minerals from soil and usually underground

Question 3

Describe the structure and function of stems, roots and leaves**

Question 4

what are examples of modifications of stems, roots, and leaves**

Question 5

know the different types of tissues in plants and the role of each**

Question 6

describe how water and photosynthates are transported in plants **

Question 7

know and explain how plants respond to various environmental factors**

Question 8

what do the leaves provide

Answer 8

surface area

Question 9

what do the stems provide

Answer 9

support and elevate

Question 10

dermal tissue

Answer 10

protects organs

Question 11

vascular tissue

Answer 11

supports and transports

Question 12

photosynthetic cells

Answer 12

contain chloroplasts

Question 13

tube-shaped cells

Answer 13

transport resources

Question 14

cells with root hairs

Answer 14

increase surface area

Question 15

ground tissue

Answer 15

carries out photosynthesis

Question 16

roots

Answer 16

anchor and absorb

Question 17

what are the two types of tissues

Answer 17

meristematic and permanent

Question 18

meristematic tissue

Answer 18

meristems: plant regions of continuous cell division and growth
main types: apical and lateral

Question 19

permanent tissue

Answer 19

cells that are no longer actively dividing

Question 20

what are three types of permanent tissues

Answer 20

dermal: covers and protects the plant
vascular: transports water, minerals, and sugars
ground: provides support to the other tissues

Question 21

stems

Answer 21

stems consist of an alternating system of nodes and internodes
nodes are the points at which leaves are attached
internodes are the stem segments between modes
provides support to the plant and sometimes stores food for the plant

Question 22

what are the two different types of stems

Answer 22

eudicot and monocot

Question 23

eudicot stem

Answer 23

vascular bundles are arranged around the periphery of the ground tissue

Question 24

monocot stem

Answer 24

vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue

Question 25

what are examples of stem modifications

Answer 25

rhizomes(ginger) runners(strawberry) stolons(grass) tubers(potatoes) bulb(onion)

Question 26

examples of aerial modifications of stems

Answer 26

tendrils: slender and twining strands that enable a plant to seek support by climbing on other surfaces such as vines thorns: modified branches appearing as sharp outgrowths that protect the plant such as roses

Question 27

what is the purpose of roots and types

Answer 27

anchors the plant, absorbs minerals and water, storing carbohydrates primary and lateral roots

Question 28

primary roots

Answer 28

the first to emerge from the seed

Question 29

lateral roots

Answer 29

branch off from the primary root improving anchorage and water absorption

Question 30

eudicot vs monocot roots

Answer 30

eudicot roots: the vascular tissue forms an x shape in the center of the root monocot root: the phloem cells and the larger xylem cells form a characteristic ring around the central pith

Question 31

root hairs

Answer 31

finger-like extensions of epidermal cells, increase the absorptive surface of the root absorption of water and minerals typically occurs through the root hairs mycorrhizal associations, and symbiotic interactions with soil fungi, increase mineral absorption in most plants

Question 32

examples of root modifications

Answer 32

food storage: carrots, turnips, beets additional support: aerial root prop roots, storage roots, pneumatophores, strangling aerial roots, buttress roots

Question 33

purpose of leaves

Answer 33

site for photosynthesis greed due to chlorophyll content variety of thickness, shape, size, and color

Question 34

leaf venation

Answer 34

variety of patterns: parallel, net-like, dichotomous venation

Question 35

leaf form, simple or compound

Answer 35

simple: single, undivided blade compound: multiple leaflets

Question 36

stomata

Answer 36

found on the epidermis regulation of gas exchange