Repro And Urinary Flashcards
Kidneys needed to maintain
Water. Balance/Homeostasis. if kidneys fail=uremia poisoning
Kidney function
Maintain water balance
Excrete toxins
Excrete waste containing nitrogen
Regulate many chemicals in body
Secretes erythropoietin (*from bone marrow to increase RBC which will increase O2 for transport to O2 starved tissues)
Location or ureters
Upper end inside kidneys
Lower end connects to bladder
Long narrow tubes
Drain urine from kidneys to bladder
Urethra extends from bladder to exterior by way of
Urinary meatus
Urethra is a narrow tube lined with
Mucous membranes
Name urethra sphincters ;
Internal- involuntary
External- voluntary
Micturarion is
Voiding
Storage of urine permitted by
Bladder wall.p. Accumulation with little pressure
Stretching initiates urination
Urinary retention
Urine produced but not voided
Urinary incontinence
Urine is voided involuntarily more common in older adults
Can be caused by spinal injury or stroke
May cause cystitis
Urinalysis
Examine physical and chemical properties under microscope
Chang in or abnormal characteristics may indicate desease
Internal structure of kidney-
Microscopic structure of kidney-
Nephrons-more than 1 million in each kidney
2 main portions- renal tubule = proximal tubule, formerly Henley loop now nephron loop, distal loop, collecting duct
Renal capsule=glomerular capsule,glomerulus
Microscopic structure of kidney-Renal tubule
Proximal tubule(convoluted)
Nephron loop formerlyHenle loop
Distal tubule (convoluted)
Collecting duct
**Glomerular capsule AKA Bowman capsule
Cup shaped (top of nephron) surrounds glomererulus
**Secretion of urine
Continuous
Hydrogen, potassium,ions, drugs and ammonia are secreted
They move from blood into petitubular capillaries and into urinnein distal and collecting tubules
Control of urine volume
Anti diuretic hormone ADH (decreases urine) is secreted from posterior pituitary gland (*if no ADH no water is reassured from tubules)
Aldesterone (hormone secreted by by adrenal cortex) stimulates tubules to reabaorb sodium at a faster rate which reduces amount of urine
Atril natriuretic hormone ANH increases urine ANH secreted from atria of heart
Filtration of urine
Happens in renal corpuscles
Filters water and blood in glomerulus into urine of glomerular capsule
Normal glomerular filtration rate GFR is 125ml per min
Reabsorption of urine
Water nutrients and ions move from urine in renal tubules into blood in peritubular capillaries
Abnormalities of urine volume
Anura-absence of urine
Oliguria-scanty amt of urine
Polaris-unusually lg amt of urine
SRH=sexual reproduction health Sexuality
begins at birth and ends at death
Puberty
Sexual maturity the ability to reproduce
Sexuality is not tied to reproducibility
Reproducing
Producing offspring
Gametes= sex cells
Ovum from female
Sperm from male
Gonads=sex organs
Testes- males
Ovaries-females
Testes-where?
Testes in scrotum. Lower in temperature
Interstitial cells produce testosterone
Spermatogenisis
Process of sperm production
Continual production from puberty to death
Numbers decrease with age
Each sperm has 23 chromosomes X or Y
Head of sperm contains genetic material(DNA)
Testosterone
Interstitial cells of testes
Everyone makes testosterone
from ovaries and adrenals=libido and bone health
Promotes development of accessory sex organs
Stimulates protein anabolism (breakdown of complex molecules into simple ones)
Masculinizes
Accessory organs
Ducts-epididymis vas deferents (two)
Ejaculatory duct (two)
Urethra
Supportive sex glands-seminal vesicles (two)
Bulbourethal gland (akaCowper gland) (two)
Prostate gland
External genitals
Scrotum and penis male
Mons pubis, clitoris, external urinary meatus
Labia Minora, hymen, opening of vestibular gland ducts
Orafice (opening) of vagina, labia Majora
Reproductive ducts
Uterine (Fallopian) tubes, oviducts
Extend about 10 cm from uterus into abdominal cavities
Distal end surrounded by fimbriae
Sperm pass thru epididymis after exiting testes
Epidermis- single long coiled tube
Above and behind testes in the scrotum
Sperm mature
Sperm mature and develop motility in epidydimis
Vas deferent
Ejaculatory duct
Uterus
Composed of body, fungus, and cervix
Lies in pelvic cavity just behind bladder
Myometriun is muscle layer
Endometrium lost in menstruation
Vagina
**Distensible tube about 10 cm long
Located between urinary bladder and rectum
Penetration may occur during sex
Birth canal for vaginal delivery
Accessory glands MALE
Sperm is produced y testes
It is a mixture of secretions from ACCESSORY/supportive sex glands
Accessory glands-2 seminal vesicles, 1prostate gland, 2 bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
The seminiferous tubules of the testes contribute to 5% of seminal fluid
3 to 5 ml (1 teaspoon) semen is alkaline to protect from acidic vaginal tract
Epidydimis
Reproductive duct
Sperm pass thru epidydimis after exiting testes
Sits behind testes
Seem mature and develop motility in epidydimis then then to vas deferents and onto the Ejaculatory duct
Tubules of testes and epidermis
Penis
Reproductive Organs MALE
Hormones
ESTROGEN-development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
PROGESTERONE-stimulates secretory activity of uterine epithelium
Assist estrogen in initiating menses
Ovarian function
Oogenisis= egg production
Production of estrogen and progesterone
Maturing follicles produce estrogen
Corpus lute university produces progesterone 11 days after ovulation
Vagina
Distensible tube 10 cm long
Located between urinary bladder and rectum
Reproductive ducts
Uterine/fallopian tubes/oviducts
Extend from uterus into abdominal cavity
Distal end surrounded by fimbiae
UTERUS- composed of body fungus and cervix
Lies in pelvic cavit just behind bladder
WALL OF UTERUS- perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Accessory gland
VESTIBULAR GLANDS
Bertholin and scene gland
Scene glands- secrete mucous and lubricating fluid
ducts open between labia minora
BREASTS-located over pectoral muscles of thorax
Size r/t fat quantity not amount of glandular tissue
Lactiferous ducts drain at nipple
Surrounded by pigmented aereola
External genitals
VULVA-moms pubis, clitoris, external urinary meatus, labia minora, hymen, opening of vestibular gland ducts, opening of vagina
PERINEUM-area between vaginal opening and anus
Surgical cut during vaginal deliveries
Phases of menstrual cycle
Changes in uterus, ovaries, vagina and breasts
28 days
Menses last 4 to 5 days varies - first part of cycle
PROLIFERATIVE-OVULATION-SECRETORY
thickening of endometrium in preparation for fertilized ovum
Sharp decrease in estrogen and progesterone start menstruation
Ovulation
14 days before next menses begins
Timing is important
Possibility of fertilization
Sperm can fertilize for 24 to 72 hours after ejaculation
Common structure
Microscopic ovarian structure
Ovarian follicles contain locate
About 1 million immature oocytes at birth
Primary follicles- 40000 at puberty
350-500 mature follicles ovulate during reproductive lifetime
Corpus luteum forms after ovulation
