Exam 2 Musculoskelatal System Flashcards
Osteoporosis
WHAT IS IT
Bone disorder, resulting in low bone density result, and bone tissue and can lead to fractures
DISEASE PREVENTION
Consume adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D from food or supplements, spend time outdoors Stop smoking limit consumption of alcohol engage in weight-bearing exercises
RISK FACTORS
Asian American age, greater than 50, family history, thin bodies, females, decline in estrogen levels following menopause, history of low calcium intake, high alcohol intake three or more per day, Caffeine consumption, adults have increased risk of falls related to impaired balance, high phosphorus intake increases the rate of calcium loss
EXPECTED FINDINGS
Reduce height of 5 to 7.5 cm which is 2 to 3 inches, acute back pain after lifting or bending or with activity, restriction in movement movement and spinal deformity, history of fracture to the wrist, femur, thoracic spine, thoracic psychosis of the dorsal spine, and pain upon palpation over the affected area
Laboratory test
Blood calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, hematocrit ESR alkaline phosphate levels, urine
Diagnostic procedures
DEXA scan density, x-ray of spine and long bones MRI
NURSING CARE
Instruct client family regarding diet, information about calcium and vitamin D., Encourage weight-bearing exercises, Check home environment for safety. Encourage sun exposure
CLIENT EDUCATION
Limit caffeine, alcohol and carbonated beverages which increased bone loss, consume, adequate amount of protein, magnesium, vitamin K, and other trace minerals, avoid slippery surfaces, wear rubber bottom shoes, avoid activities that would increase body stress, isometric exercise increases the core.
MEDICATIONS
calcium and vitamin C can slow or prevent osteoporosis.
calcitonin
decreases absorption by inhibiting osteoplast activity
Tiparitide
I’ve first include nausea back pain and leg cramps also static hypertension can occur up to four hours after receiving a medication, stimulates calcium absorption, limited use in clients who are at high risk for fractures , administer only subcutaneously can only be used for two years estrogen antagonist/agonist raloxifene***
Decrees osteoplast activity by decreasing bone and resorption treat postmenopausal osteoporosis avoid for client history of DVT monitor function discontinue 72 hours before bed rest
Alendronate, zoledronic acid, ibandronate, all decrease action of osteoclast DAMAGING TO ESOPHAGUS Take w 8oz water, remain upright.
Swallow tablets whole
Client SHOULD REPORT
Report unusual calf, pain or tenderness, acute migraine, insomnia, UTI vaginal burning/itching. Take calcium and vitamin D supplements
Lordosis-bottom spine potbelly
Kyphosis-upper spine
Scoliosis-lateral spine movement
VERTEBROPLASTY
Monitor site for bleeding monitor vital signs and also monitor for shortness of breath complete neurologic data collection apply cold therapy to the injection site
Osteoarthritis
WHAT IT IS
Where and tear bones lose weight-bearing strength, most common after menopause, Degenerative joint diseaseDJD, NON-INFLAMMATORY NON-SYSTEMIC cartilage destruction within the joint
DESEASE PREVENTION
use good body mechanics, maintain healthy weight, avoid putting strain on joints
RISK FACTORS
Aging, genetic factors, joint injury, obesity
EXPECTED FINDING
Joint pain and stiffness pain with palpation or range of motion, CREPITUS in one or more of the joints, enlarged joints, Herberden nodes (fingers)
Limping gait due to hip due to hip or knee pain, affect one joint or cluster of joint, cottage wears out first then bone NOT SYSTEMIC Matters
X-RAYS
NURSING CARE
Change positions frequently to minimize pain, encourage stress relief, discourage prolonged time in bed, stretching exercises, range of motion
MEDICATIONS
mild opioids, cortical steroids to reduce inflammation, muscle relaxer right now to decrease muscle spasms, over-the-counter and NSAID
Heat therapy/ice packs
Osteomyelitis
WHAT IS IT
Serious Bacterial bone infection
MANIFESTATIONS
fever pain, fatigue, inflammation, contractions, fractures, swelling, muscle spasm, sepsis, chronic infection
RISK FACTORS
can occur from bacteria introduce through trauma, such as a fracture or surgery bacteria can also travel by the bloodstream from another site in the body to the bone causing the infection. It’s usually staph/strep infection
MANAGEMENT
Antibiotics wound care, debridement bed rest, amputation
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Gentleness in moving and manipulating the diseased extremity
Wound irrigation, possibly with antibiotic solution or normal saline
Monitor patient for worsening infection assess vital signs or review labs assess drainage for amount and odor, monitor forVITAL SIGNS OF FEVER, which are fever, tachycardia, and tenia
