A an Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system
Support, movement, and protection and gives shape
Microscopic structure of bones
Bones of skeletal system contain BONE and CARTILAGE tissue
Layers of the diaphysis of long bones
PERIOSTEUM-strong fibrous outer membrane.DOES NOT cover the epiphysis. ENDOSTEUM-membrane that lines the medullary cavity. MEDULLARY CAVITY-hollow area inside the diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow
Structure of flat bones
Flat bones have cancellous bone between compact bone.
What is cancellous bone layer called
Diploe
Where are flat bones located
Skull, sternum and ribs
What are bone cells called
Osteocytes
What are cartilage cells called
Chondrocytes
BONE DEVELOOEMENT. WHAT ARE OSTEOBLAST
Cells that form new bone, when dormant they become osteocytes
BONE DEVELOPEMENT.
Osteoclast
Bone-reabsorbing cell. (Takes away) Breaks down bone tissue. Takes calcium from bone.
Bone is alive;it remodels itself
Bone development and remodeling
Continuous activity by OSTEOBLAST which undergoes a processs to calcify bone (hard as bone) WHEN OSTOBLAST become trapped during this process they stop forming bone and are called OSTEOCYTES. OSTEOCLAST dissolve bone (by releasing acid) to release calcium
Axial skeleton
Skull, spine, chest, and hyoid bone in neck
Appendicular skeleton
Upper extremities, includes shoulder. Lower extremities, includes hips
Bones of the skull: Cranial
Forms front part of cranium floor, upper part of eye socket called frontal sinus lined w/mucous membrane
Bones of the skull
Hyloid bone
In neck above voice box . It’s the only bone that doesn’t mean another bone out of joint. Also anchors the tongue
Atlas
Is c-1 vertebra (neck)
Axis
C-2 vertabrae
Fascia
Connective tissues around the muscle(organ) and joint
Coccyx
In child it’s 3-5 vertebrae. Fuses in adult
Zygomatic bone
Cheek bone
Smooth muscle
Involuntary, non striated (no cross stripes) it is visceral lines inside of hollow structures and organs
Functions of skeletal muscle
Movement, posture, and heat production. Contraction pulls one bone closer to another movement occurs at the joint
Ball n Socket
Hip and shoulder
Tibia aka
Shin bone
Hinged joints
Elbow
When does muscle shorten
Flexion
Saddle joint
Carpometacarpal joint. of the thumb allows for rotation of the joint
Ligaments
Attatch bone to bone. Permits movement at the joints
Fatigue
Reduced strength. Repeated muscular contraction reduces stored ATP in cells
Joints
Are called articulations. Hold bones together and make movement possible.
Types of bones
Long bones (humerous). Short bones (carpals). Flat bones (skull bones) Irregular bones (vertebrae)
Tendons
Attatch muscles to bones
Cardiac muscle
The heart. Striated Fibers of the heart are interconnected like a woven basket this allows the heart to contract
Function of the skeletal muscle
Movement contracts and pulls one bone closer to another bone. Posture and heat production, muscles produce heat
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle fibers are striated, smooth muscle fibers responds to stretch
Motor unit
Combination of muscle fibers and the motor neuron that moves them
Isotonic contraction
Produces movement at a joint. The muscle changes length WALKING RUNNING JUMPIN
Isometric contraction
Equal measure. Does not produce movement whole muscle does not shorten. As in pushing against a wall
Twitch contraction
Ataxia; poor muscle control
Disuse atrophy
Caused by prolonged inactivity
Pectorals major, latissimus Doris, deltoid
Arm muscles
Biceps brachial, triceps brachii
Forearm muscles
Hamstring, quadriceps
Leg muscles
Thigh muscles
Ilopsoas, gluteus Maximus, hamstring, adductor
Respitory muscles
Intercostal muscles, diaphram
Smooth muscles
No stripes, visceral muscle, found in walls of hollow structures,
Found in Digestive tract blood vessels involuntary contractions
What type of joints are Synarthrotic
No movement e.g. skull sutures
What type of joints are amphiarthrotic
Joints that have slight movement e,g. Pubis, symphysis
Diarthrotic joint?
Free movement joints. e.g. elbow, knees, shoulders, hinge joint, pivot joint condyloid, gliding, ball and socket, saddle joint
Osteoporosis
Inadequate Ca/vit d, skeletal degeneration, often results in loss of height, exercise has a profound effect on the skeleton
True ribs
1-7
Free ribs
1-7 attached to sternum via cartilage
Epiphseala. Plate
Growth plate
Muscles of the upper body
Biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, deltoid, lattimus dorsi
Twitch
Single contraction
Tetany
Constant contractions
Intramembraneous ossification
Calcium of fibrous membranes
Mhvmhv
Jhgjhg

