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Lpn > A an > Flashcards

A an Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, movement, and protection and gives shape

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2
Q

Microscopic structure of bones

A

Bones of skeletal system contain BONE and CARTILAGE tissue

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3
Q

Layers of the diaphysis of long bones

A

PERIOSTEUM-strong fibrous outer membrane.DOES NOT cover the epiphysis. ENDOSTEUM-membrane that lines the medullary cavity. MEDULLARY CAVITY-hollow area inside the diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow

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4
Q

Structure of flat bones

A

Flat bones have cancellous bone between compact bone.

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5
Q

What is cancellous bone layer called

A

Diploe

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6
Q

Where are flat bones located

A

Skull, sternum and ribs

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7
Q

What are bone cells called

A

Osteocytes

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8
Q

What are cartilage cells called

A

Chondrocytes

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9
Q

BONE DEVELOOEMENT. WHAT ARE OSTEOBLAST

A

Cells that form new bone, when dormant they become osteocytes

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10
Q

BONE DEVELOPEMENT.

A
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11
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone-reabsorbing cell. (Takes away) Breaks down bone tissue. Takes calcium from bone.
Bone is alive;it remodels itself

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12
Q

Bone development and remodeling

A

Continuous activity by OSTEOBLAST which undergoes a processs to calcify bone (hard as bone) WHEN OSTOBLAST become trapped during this process they stop forming bone and are called OSTEOCYTES. OSTEOCLAST dissolve bone (by releasing acid) to release calcium

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13
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, spine, chest, and hyoid bone in neck

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14
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Upper extremities, includes shoulder. Lower extremities, includes hips

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15
Q

Bones of the skull: Cranial

A

Forms front part of cranium floor, upper part of eye socket called frontal sinus lined w/mucous membrane

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16
Q

Bones of the skull

A
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17
Q

Hyloid bone

A

In neck above voice box . It’s the only bone that doesn’t mean another bone out of joint. Also anchors the tongue

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18
Q

Atlas

A

Is c-1 vertebra (neck)

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19
Q

Axis

A

C-2 vertabrae

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20
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissues around the muscle(organ) and joint

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21
Q

Coccyx

A

In child it’s 3-5 vertebrae. Fuses in adult

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22
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheek bone

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23
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary, non striated (no cross stripes) it is visceral lines inside of hollow structures and organs

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24
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

Movement, posture, and heat production. Contraction pulls one bone closer to another movement occurs at the joint

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25
Q

Ball n Socket

A

Hip and shoulder

26
Q

Tibia aka

A

Shin bone

27
Q

Hinged joints

A

Elbow

28
Q

When does muscle shorten

A

Flexion

29
Q

Saddle joint

A

Carpometacarpal joint. of the thumb allows for rotation of the joint

30
Q

Ligaments

A

Attatch bone to bone. Permits movement at the joints

31
Q

Fatigue

A

Reduced strength. Repeated muscular contraction reduces stored ATP in cells

32
Q

Joints

A

Are called articulations. Hold bones together and make movement possible.

33
Q

Types of bones

A

Long bones (humerous). Short bones (carpals). Flat bones (skull bones) Irregular bones (vertebrae)

34
Q

Tendons

A

Attatch muscles to bones

35
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

The heart. Striated Fibers of the heart are interconnected like a woven basket this allows the heart to contract

36
Q

Function of the skeletal muscle

A

Movement contracts and pulls one bone closer to another bone. Posture and heat production, muscles produce heat

37
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle fibers are striated, smooth muscle fibers responds to stretch

38
Q

Motor unit

A

Combination of muscle fibers and the motor neuron that moves them

39
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Produces movement at a joint. The muscle changes length WALKING RUNNING JUMPIN

40
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Equal measure. Does not produce movement whole muscle does not shorten. As in pushing against a wall

41
Q

Twitch contraction

A

Ataxia; poor muscle control

42
Q

Disuse atrophy

A

Caused by prolonged inactivity

43
Q

Pectorals major, latissimus Doris, deltoid

A

Arm muscles

44
Q

Biceps brachial, triceps brachii

A

Forearm muscles

45
Q

Hamstring, quadriceps

A

Leg muscles

46
Q

Thigh muscles

A

Ilopsoas, gluteus Maximus, hamstring, adductor

47
Q

Respitory muscles

A

Intercostal muscles, diaphram

48
Q

Smooth muscles

A

No stripes, visceral muscle, found in walls of hollow structures,
Found in Digestive tract blood vessels involuntary contractions

49
Q

What type of joints are Synarthrotic

A

No movement e.g. skull sutures

50
Q

What type of joints are amphiarthrotic

A

Joints that have slight movement e,g. Pubis, symphysis

51
Q

Diarthrotic joint?

A

Free movement joints. e.g. elbow, knees, shoulders, hinge joint, pivot joint condyloid, gliding, ball and socket, saddle joint

52
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Inadequate Ca/vit d, skeletal degeneration, often results in loss of height, exercise has a profound effect on the skeleton

53
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

54
Q

Free ribs

A

1-7 attached to sternum via cartilage

55
Q

Epiphseala. Plate

A

Growth plate

56
Q

Muscles of the upper body

A

Biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, deltoid, lattimus dorsi

57
Q

Twitch

A

Single contraction

58
Q

Tetany

A

Constant contractions

59
Q

Intramembraneous ossification

A

Calcium of fibrous membranes

60
Q

Mhvmhv

A

Jhgjhg

61
Q



A

Lpn (18 decks)

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