Lpn

Question 1

Pressure injuries

Answer 1

The pressure collapses bl. Vessels. 2 hours=tissue necrosis

Causes=shearing, friction, boney prominences
Prevention=reposition q 2 hours. Teach pt to shift q15 min
NO DONUTS NO MASSGE TO RED AREA

Question 2

Life span considerations

Room environment considerations

Answer 2

OOBas much as possible

Temperature, ventilation, noise, odors, lighting. Create therapeutic environment

Question 3

Room equipment

Answer 3

Semi-Fowler for bed bath and to prevent aspiration

Trendelenburg=feet up head down

Question 4

Pressure injuries

Answer 4

Stage 1-intact skin w/nonblanchable redness
Stage 2-partial thickness loss of dermis. Shiny or dry, blisters, shallow, open, red-pink
Stage 3-full thickness tissue loss, subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible.
No bone, Tendo or Muscle
Stage 4- Full thickness tissue loss w/exposed bone tendon muscle
Unstagable-full thickness tissue loss wound base covered by slough and Escher
Suspected deep tissue injury-appears purple or maroon area of intact skin

Question 5

Droplet precaution for deseases

Answer 5

Must use mask
Deseases=flu, diphtheria, whooping cough aka pertussis (highly contagious)

Question 6

Vascular reaction

Answer 6

Delivers blood nutrient and fluids to injured area

Question 7

Culture sensitivity testing

Answer 7

Test for the bacterias sensitivity and resistance in order to know which antibiotics are effective to stop bacterial growth

Question 8

Contact precautions

Answer 8

PPE- gown and gloves
Deseases- C-diff, MRSA (resistant to many antibiotics

Question 9

Surgical asepsis

Answer 9

Destruction of microorganisms and their spores
Invasive procedures

Question 10

Pathogenic

Answer 10

Causing specific deseases/infections

Question 11

When must hands be washes

Answer 11

Before and after pt care. Between pt contact. After touhing body fluids excretions secretions, touching contaminated equipment. *Immediately after removing gloves

Question 12

Name 5 pathogens

Answer 12

Bacteria, Protozoa, viruses,fungi, parasites

Question 13

Chain of infection

Answer 13

Pathogen-germ, Reservoir- place where it can grow, Exit- feces blood urine secretions, Method of transmission- contaminated food air droplets hands contaminated needle Entrance - mucous membranes mouth break in skin. Another person or animal

Question 14

Tell me something about needle sticks

Answer 14

Must be reported immediately. Most commonly transmitted infection from needle sticks is hep b and serum hepatitis

Question 15

Asepsis

Answer 15

Clean technique. Decrease the growth and transmission of microorganisms. Normal routine

Question 16

Stages of infection

Answer 16

Prodromal- may be contagious , malaise , low grade fever generally unwell
Acute-most contagious sore throat sinus congestion high fever swollen glands/lymph nodes pain w/swallowing

Question 17

How are Bacterial infection

Answer 17

Transmitted from person to person by direct contact, by inhalation, and w/ articles contaminated by the pathogen

Question 18

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Answer 18

W/ oxygen

W/o oxygen

Question 19

No antibiotics for viruses

Answer 19

Cold, flu, hiv, hepatitis and herpes

Question 20

Localized infections

Answer 20

Single part/organ
Inflammatory, edema/swelling, erythema/redness, pain n tenderness

Question 21

Systemic infections

Answer 21

Entire body. Fever. Increased wh bl cells, can be fatal

Question 22

Inflammatory response

Answer 22

Protection, bodies response to injury or infection

Question 23

Vascular reaction

Answer 23

Delivers fluid blood and nutrition to injured area

Question 24

Alcohol based sanitizer

Answer 24

More effective than soap and water
NOT effective against spores, anthrax and c-diff

Question 25

Deadly bacteria

Answer 25

Streptococcus is responsible for more deseases than any other bacteria
MRSA-serious/ can be fatal

Question 26

Airborne precautions

Answer 26

Pt should wear surgical mask outside of isolation room. Limit lt movement to only what is medically necessary
Hand hygiene and PPE

Question 27

Diabetic foot care

Answer 27

Do not trim nails
Do not soak too long
For poor circulation, refer to podiatrist

Question 28

Negative air flow

Answer 28

Room air is vented to the outside, 6-12 air exchange per hour, door should be closed. Used for airborne precautions

Question 29

Reducing risk of infection

Answer 29

Hand hygiene and sterile supplies when appropriate

Question 30

Baths

Answer 30

Complete bed bath- pts who are totally dependent,
Partial bed bath-pt needs help w/ areas he cannot reach
Tepid sponge bath-helps to reduce temp
Medicated bath- addresses skin problems
Hot water tub bath- relieves muscle soreness and stiffness

Question 31

Moisture, sweating, and Incontinence

Answer 31

Can cause skin breakdown, change linen regularly.

Question 32

30 degree lateral position

Answer 32

Pt lies in lateral position w/ pillow between legs removing pressure from knees and ankles

Question 33

Oral hygiene

Answer 33

Stimulates appetite, moistens mouth and lips, prevents periodontal deseases, improves pts feelings of well being

Question 34

Shaving

Answer 34

Use electric razor for pt. On bl thinner
Always move from dirty to clean!!!

Question 35

UAPs

Answer 35

Can assist w/ambulatory pt, can shower stable pt
No oral care w/o gag reflex

Question 36

Perineal careuncircumcised penis

Answer 36

Retract clean and RETURN foreskin

Question 37

Catheter care

Answer 37

Remove exudate (drainage), clean from meatus out, clean entire catheter

Question 38

Skin care

Answer 38

Skin ferments physical condition changes, always consider pt preferences. Back care/ rub provides relaxation, relieves muscle tension, stimlates circulation unless contraindicated

Question 39

Incubation period

Answer 39

No symptoms may be contagious based on the pathogen

Question 40

Convalescence

Answer 40

Recovery

Question 41

Best time for bedmaking

Answer 41

Mornings, after bath, when unoccupied, occupied when necessary