Fons Ch 19 Nutrition Concepts and related Therapies Flashcards
Good dietary habits can
Promote health and reduce the risk for diseases
Dietary guidelines for Americans
What does dietary reference intake refer to
Set of nutrient based values for planning diet
Used to be known as RDA Recommended daily allowance
What are the six essential nutrients 
Proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals and water
What are fats
Organic substances of a fatty nature
The are Insoluble in water
Types of fat
Saturated fats
Mono unsaturated fats
Poly unsaturated fats
Saturated fats comes from
Animal origin
Except coconut olive and palm
Solid at room temp
Sources of Polyunsaturated fat
Plant and fish oil
Trans fat
Margarine partially hydrogenated, shortening, commercial fats

What makes up the bodies lean tissue and organs
Protein
Necessary for tissue growth and repair also wound healing
Protein
Protein is formed by
Amino acids
Malnutrition is indicated by
Low albumin levels
Complete proteins
Nine essential amino acids
What is of Animal origin, contained in soy and quinoa
Complete proteins
Where do Incomplete proteins come from
from plant
What must you do to get call 9 essential amino acids from plants (to form complete protein)
Combine different types (grains, nuts, seeds, beans)
Where does cholesterol come from and what is it needed for
Egg yolks and meat, it is needed to manufacture Hormones
Which fat is the most concentrated of all lipids
Cholesterol
What is the main function of carbohydrates
To provide energy
How many types of carbohydrates are there
2, simple carbs and complex carbs
Name the two types of simple carbs
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
What type of carbs are fructose and glucose
Monosaccharides
What type of carbs are sucrose and lactose
Disaccharides
Complex carbohydrates are called 
Polysaccharides
Starch and glycogen and dietary fiber are What type of carbohydrate
Polysaccharides
Which Carbohydrate cannot be broken down
Dietary fiber
Dietary fiber is found mostly in
Plants
Dietary fiber can lower
Cholesterol and blood glue close levels can also assist in weight loss
Insoluble fibers (fr. book rice and whole grains) can aid in the following
Soften stools, increase peristalsis, relieve constipation, treat diverticulosis and hemorrhoids
Soluble fiber binds with
Cholesterol and bile acids and provides a feeling of fullness (fr. book high fiber diet
Barley, nuts, seeds, citrus, apples, strawberries, are
Soluble fiber
Whole wheat grains, and wheat bran
Insoluble fiber
A, d, e, and vit k are
Fat soluble vitamins
Vit b and c are
Water soluble vitamins
B vitamins
Niacin, folic acid before and during pregnancy, and vitamin B 12 (pernicious anemia vit b12 Deficiency)
C vitamins
Ascorbic acid, healing, iron absorption, Found in fruits, green leafy and yellow veggies
Vitamin A is important for
Vision
Vitamin D is important for
Bones and teeth
Vitamin E is important for
Antioxidants
Vitamin K is important for
Blood clotting
Minerals are needed for
Regulating body functions, they are essential to good health
Energy potential of foods
Carbs And proteins have 4kilocalories per gram
Fat has a 9 kcal per gram
1 oz = 28.3 gms
Measurements of obesity include 
Body mass index, waist circumference, body composition and height and weight table
Type one diabetes
Only 5% diabetes is type one where NO insulin is produced
Type two diabetes is more common
May produce some but doesn’t know what to do with it patient is often overweight. Disorder of cellular metabolism
A patient with DKA is very sick
It is a very serious complication of diabetes It is life-threatening. The body doesn’t have enough insulin to let sugar into the cells for energy
 Low fat diet
Prevent and treat heart disease atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia
No fat diet- fat controlled diet
limited regardless of the saturation, used for diarrhea, flatulence, pancreatic disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Self impose starvation body image distortion
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating, purging
Parenteral Nutritional support is 
Total parenteral support (perhaps no stomach)(correct or prevent malnutrition)
Is usually done thru central line (IV)
Dysphagia(difficulty swallowing will receive
Thickened liquids, HOB elevated, mechanical soft diet
When are Complementary therapies used
In addition to conventional treatment AKA allopathic/conventional medicine
Alternative therapies
May become primary treatment/ may replace Conventional medicine
Holistic nursing interventions
Address and Treat the mind-body-spirit
Promote and maintain health
Examples on music therapy guided Imagery Simple touch, massage,
prayer
Herbal therapy can be used to
treat illness and maintain health
The goal is to Restore balance and facilitate the persons self healing ability
Herbal therapies are sold as foods. Or supplements
Are not regulated
Potentially toxic if used incorrectly
C A M therapies
Complementary- Alternative Medicine
Some herbs are
Saint johns wort (can be used for depression)
Valerian ( insomnia) can be habit forming
Ginger(morning sickness)
Chiropractic therapy
BASED ON THE HOLISTIC BELIEF IN THE BODIES ABILITY TO TAKE CRE OF ITSELF
chiropractors have extensive training in manipulation of the musculoskeletal system
joints are adjusted through gentle manipulation
proper alignment is restored
medication ARE NOT prescribed
contraindicated for osteoporosis
Acupuncture is
A method of stimulating certain points of the body it modifies the perception of pain
Acupuncture can treat
Low back pain
simple migraine headaches
sciatica
shoulder pain
tennis elbow
osteoarthritis
Whiplash and musculoskeletal sprains
Acupressure is
Giving gentle pressure at certain points
pressure is applied with finger Or small blunt object
it is primarily to prevent muscle tension
reduce tension
increase circulation
enable the body to relax
it promotes wellness
increases resistance to disease
Therapeutic massage
Manipulation soft tissues in the body assist with healing can either be relaxing or energizing oils or lotions may be used during the massage
Contraindications to therapeutic massage
Contraindicated for PHLEBITIS, THROMBOSIS, INFECTIOUS SKIN DESEASES. Osteoporosis avoid vigorous or deep massage. Therapist should be informed of any of these conditions
Contraindications for aromatherapy
Pregnant women (breastfeeding), children, high blood pressure, asthma, epilepsy,
Reflexology
Caution: diabetes and cardiac deseases
Places body in the parasympathetic state
Animal assisted Therapy is used for
PTSD, decrease Loneliness, improves mood, reduces blood pressure, pain stress and anxiety
Biofeedback is
Noninvasive, uses a monitoring devices, determines a Patient neuromuscular and automatic nervous system response
Measure specific body functions
Yoga
The joining of the mind body and spirit
Tones muscles, internal organs, heart, lungs, glands, and nerves
Increases flexibility
Caution; pt. with glaucoma no inversions/ downward dog
Marijuana and cannabinoids
Nurse must be aware of the complexities of marijuana and cannabinoids in (CAM) complementary, alternative medicine
Still criminal at federal level
Therapeutic use is Controversial
Role of the Nurse in promoting nutrition
Help and help patient understand importance of diet
encourage dietary compliance
Asisst some pt with eating
Take and record patient’s weight
Record patient intake
observe clinical signs of Poor nutrition and report
- Basic nutrition is the? 2. Nutrition therapy
- Total of all processes of ingesting and absorbing food substances
- plays a role directly or indirectly in all body processes 
Where are carbs stored
In the liver and muscles
Where does monounsaturated fat come from
Plant origin, avocado, peanuts, canola oil
Relaxation is used for
Pre- op patients
