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Bmsc 208 > Repro 4 > Flashcards

Repro 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Female reproduction occurs in what fashion

A

Cyclical

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2
Q

What is external genitalia collectively referred to as

A

Vulva or pudendum

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3
Q

External genitalia of female

A

Clitoris
Labium minus
Labium Majus
Urethral opening
Vagina
Hymen

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4
Q

Opening of uterus

A

Cervix

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5
Q

3 layers of uterus

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, Endometrium

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6
Q

Perimetrium

A

Thin outer connective tissue layer

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7
Q

Myometrium

A

A thick layer of smooth muscle

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8
Q

Endometrium

A

Inner layer that varies in size through cycle

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9
Q

What happens when sperm swim into uterus

A

Proceeds down fallopian tubes (20-25cm)

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10
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Contain 2 layers of smooth muscle similar to intestines and lined with cilia to move eggs to uterus

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11
Q

Where does fertilization happen

A

Right outside ovary

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12
Q

What do fallopian tubes end in

A

Fimbrae- finger like projections

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13
Q

What do fimbrae ensure

A

Eggs released from ovary enters fallopian tube
Falllopian tube and fimbrae held close by connective tissue

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14
Q

What does ovary produces

A

Eggs (gametes) and hormones

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15
Q

What covers ovaries

A

Dense connective tissue layer

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16
Q

What is inner portion of ovaries

A

Stoma
Medulla(contains blood vessels and nerves) and thick outer cortex (contains developing gametes)

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17
Q

How many oogonia during fetal development

A

5-7 million
Large amount of mitosis

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18
Q

How many primordial follicles at birth

A

~500,000 primary oocytes

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19
Q

How many primordial follicles at puberty

A

~180,000

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20
Q

How often are primordial follicles are recruited

A

Each cycle (1~ year complete maturation before enter cycle)

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21
Q

Ovaries contain follicles

A

In different developmental states

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22
Q

As secondary follicle develops what forms to become tertiary

A

Antrum to become tertiary

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23
Q

How many tertiary “dominant” follicle fully develops

A

One

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24
Q

Why are so many primordial follicles lost from birth to puberty

A

Many undergo atresia
- hormone regulated cell death

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25
Q

What is on outside of primordial follicle

A

Pregranulosa cells

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26
Q

What is on outside of primary follicle

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells

27
Q

What is on outside secondary preantral follicle

A

Theca and Increased number of granulosa cells

28
Q

What are primary, secondary, tertiary follicles

A

Still primary oocyte

29
Q

What is within antrum

A

Storage of enzymes, hormones, growth factors and regulatory factors needed for oocyte maturation, ovulation and fertilization

30
Q

Females produce mature gametes in

A

Monthly cycles (avg 28 days; normal range 24-35 days)

31
Q

Why is it called menstrual cycle

A

Due to 3-7 days of bloody uterine discharge

32
Q

3 phases of ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

33
Q

Follicular phase

A

Marked by follicular growth, most variable 10 days to 3 weeks
5-10 tertiary follicles make to menstrual cycle and continue to grow for 7 days
Day 7 get one dominant follicle make through to ovulation

34
Q

Ovulation

A

Once one or more follicles have ripened, ovary releases oocytes during ovulation

35
Q

Luteal phase

A

Post ovulatory phase
Ruptured follicle transforms to corpus luteum (yellow), named for yellow pigment and lipid deposits

36
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Secretes hormones
Ceases to function after 2 weeks

37
Q

what becomes corpus luteum

A

Rest of granulosa cells and theca cells

38
Q

Process of follicle growth

A

Numerous primordial follicles - primary follicles - secondary follicles - tertiary follicles - 5-10 grow (days 1-7) - atresia or one dominant follicle (day 7)

39
Q

How long from primordial follicles to tertiary follicles

40
Q

Follicle contains primary oocyte until

A

16-24 hours before ovulation (LH surge)
First meiotic division

41
Q

When does ovulation occur

42
Q

From what days does luteal phase happen

43
Q

Uterine cycle

A

Menses 1-7
Proliferative phase 7-14
Secretory phase 14-28

44
Q

Menses

A

Beginning of follicular phase in ovary corresponds with menstrual bleeding from uteri’s

45
Q

proliferative phase

A

Latter part of follicular phase, uterus adds new cells to endometrium layer in anticipation of pregnancy

46
Q

Secretory phase

A

After ovulation hormones for corpus luteum convert thickened endometrium into secretory structure

47
Q

If pregnancy does not occur

A

Superficial endometrium layers are lost during menstruation and cycle begins again

48
Q

What does corpus luteum secrete during secretory phase

A

Progesterone and estrogen

49
Q

Drop of progesterone and estrogen cause

A

Endometrial layer to slough off

50
Q

Follicles secrete what during menstrual and Proliferative phase

A

Estrogen causes proliferation

51
Q

Where is estrogen, progesterone, inhibin and AMH released from

52
Q

During follicular phase and Proliferative what is dominant

53
Q

Ovulation is triggered by

A

Surges in LH and FSH (mostly LH)

54
Q

During luteal phase what is dominant

A

Progesterone

55
Q

When does bod temp raise

A

Secretory phase
Progesterone raises

56
Q

In the tertiary follicles what produces hormones in early to mid follicular phase

A

Granulosa (FSH)
Thecal (LH)

57
Q

How are androgens converted to estrogens

A

Aromatase in granulosa cells

58
Q

What does AMH prevent

A

Additional follicle recruitment so more dont join pool of tertiary

59
Q

Estrogen has what feedback on granulosa cells

60
Q

Estrogen causes

A

Endometrium proliferation

61
Q

When does estrogen release peak from follicles

A

Late follicular phase and ovulation

62
Q

What happens during late follicular phase and ovulation

A

Some follicles undergo atresia, dominating follicle persists and granulosa cells now begin to also release progesterone and inhibin

63
Q

What happens to estrogen late follicular phase and ovulation

A

Persistently high flips to positive feedback on hypothalamus
Readies endometrium of uterus for implantation

64
Q

What happens to LH and FSH during late follicular and ovulation

A

LH surges to greater degree then FSH
- inhibin prevent large FSH surge

Bmsc 208 (33 decks)

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