Renal 1 Flashcards
What urine characteristics have been used as indicators of health of body
Color, clarity, odor taste
What is the honey-urine disease
Diabetes
What is the most important function of the kidneys
Homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of the blood (salt-water balance or fluid-electrolyte balance)
6 other functions of kidneys
- Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
- Regulation of osmolarity
- Maintenance of ion balance
- Homeostatic regulation of pH
- Excretion of wastes
- Production of hormones
What ions are balanced by kidneys
Na, K, Ca
What wastes are excreted
Metabolic and xenobiotics (substances foreign to body)
How much kidney is need for function without disrupting homeostatsis
Can loose 3/4 kidney function
Where are kidneys located
Retro-peritoneally wedged against back muscles
How much of cardiac output does urinary system recieve
20-25%
Cortex
Outer lighter region
Medulla
Triangle inner portion
Renal pelvis
Vasculature and nerves and ureter
Where are nephrons
Inside renal pyramids
What are nephrons
Functional unit of kidneys
2 kinds of nephrons
80% cortical nephrons (most in cortex)
20% juxtamedullary nephrons (junction between cortex and medulla and extend down into medulla)
What parts of nephron does cortex contain
Bowman’s capsules, proximal and distal tubules
What part of nephron does medulla contain
Loops of henle and collecting ducts
What is the order of the renal vascular components
L+R renal arteries- afferent arterioles - glomerulus (capillaries) - efferent arterioles - peritubular capillaries - L+R renal vein
On the juxtamedullary nephron what is the peritubular capillaries called when they extend in medulla
Vasa recta
The renal system is a portal system. What is a portal system
2 linked capillary beds exist and interact
Where does filtration occur
Glomerulus into bowman’s capsule
Where does reabsorption and secretion occur
Peritubular capillaries
What is the order of the tubular component of the nephron
Bowman’s capsule - proximal tubule - descending loop of henle - ascending loop of henle - distal tube - collecting duct
What is the nephron made up of
Single layer of epithelial cells
