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Bmsc 208 > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What urine characteristics have been used as indicators of health of body

A

Color, clarity, odor taste

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2
Q

What is the honey-urine disease

A

Diabetes

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3
Q

What is the most important function of the kidneys

A

Homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of the blood (salt-water balance or fluid-electrolyte balance)

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4
Q

6 other functions of kidneys

A
  1. Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
  2. Regulation of osmolarity
  3. Maintenance of ion balance
  4. Homeostatic regulation of pH
  5. Excretion of wastes
  6. Production of hormones
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5
Q

What ions are balanced by kidneys

A

Na, K, Ca

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6
Q

What wastes are excreted

A

Metabolic and xenobiotics (substances foreign to body)

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7
Q

How much kidney is need for function without disrupting homeostatsis

A

Can loose 3/4 kidney function

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8
Q

Where are kidneys located

A

Retro-peritoneally wedged against back muscles

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9
Q

How much of cardiac output does urinary system recieve

A

20-25%

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10
Q

Cortex

A

Outer lighter region

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11
Q

Medulla

A

Triangle inner portion

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12
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Vasculature and nerves and ureter

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13
Q

Where are nephrons

A

Inside renal pyramids

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14
Q

What are nephrons

A

Functional unit of kidneys

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15
Q

2 kinds of nephrons

A

80% cortical nephrons (most in cortex)
20% juxtamedullary nephrons (junction between cortex and medulla and extend down into medulla)

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16
Q

What parts of nephron does cortex contain

A

Bowman’s capsules, proximal and distal tubules

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17
Q

What part of nephron does medulla contain

A

Loops of henle and collecting ducts

18
Q

What is the order of the renal vascular components

A

L+R renal arteries- afferent arterioles - glomerulus (capillaries) - efferent arterioles - peritubular capillaries - L+R renal vein

19
Q

On the juxtamedullary nephron what is the peritubular capillaries called when they extend in medulla

A

Vasa recta

20
Q

The renal system is a portal system. What is a portal system

A

2 linked capillary beds exist and interact

21
Q

Where does filtration occur

A

Glomerulus into bowman’s capsule

22
Q

Where does reabsorption and secretion occur

A

Peritubular capillaries

23
Q

What is the order of the tubular component of the nephron

A

Bowman’s capsule - proximal tubule - descending loop of henle - ascending loop of henle - distal tube - collecting duct

24
Q

What is the nephron made up of

A

Single layer of epithelial cells

25
Q

What 4 processes do the kidneys complete

A

Filter, reabsorb, secrete, excrete

26
Q

Filtration

A

Bulk flow of fluid and dissolved solutes from the glomerulus (blood) to bowman’s capsule (lumen)

27
Q

Secretion

A

From blood into lumen of nephron

28
Q

Reabsorption

A

From lumen of nephron to blood

29
Q

Why is reabsorption important

A

Some substances from bulk flow we want back in body

30
Q

Excretion

A

From lumen to outside of body

31
Q

Where is only place you see filtration

A

Glomerular capillary

32
Q

What 3 processes happen in nephron

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular secretion
  3. Tubular reabsorption
33
Q

How much plasma is filtered at the glomeruli each day? How much is reabsorbed? How much excreted?

A

180L
>99% is reabsorbed
~1.5L/day is excreted

34
Q

What is filtrate? What is urine?

A

Fluid enters bowman’s capsule
Urine exits collecting duct

35
Q

How much reabsorption occurs in proximal tubule

A

~70%

36
Q

What kind of reabsorption happens at descending and ascending loops of henle

A

Descending= fluid
Ascending= solute

37
Q

What is the loop of henle responsible for

A

Creating dilute urine (hyposmotic - solute absorbed exceeds water)

38
Q

What does the distal tubule and collecting duct regulate

A

Salt and water balance under the control of hormones

39
Q

What varied for the urine excreted

A

The final volume and osmolarity
- based on what we need
- if dehydrated reabsorb water, osmolarity increases

40
Q

What do not all substances undergo in plasma

A

Filtration and/or secretion and/or reabsorption

41
Q

How to fin the amount excreted

A

Amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted = amount excreted

Bmsc 208 (33 decks)

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