GI 2 Flashcards
What is avoiding autodigesting
breaking food down into small enough molecules to be absorbed without digesting the cells of the GI tract
what are 3 challenges of digestive system
autodigestion, maintaining mass balance, defense
why is it hard to maintain mass balance
we secrete a lot more than we ingest (have to reabsorb most)
what is defense in the digestive system
absorbing water and nutrients while preventing bacteria, viruses and other pathogens from entering body
what are defense mechanisms
mucus, digestive enzymes, acid and lymphoid tissue
where are 80% of lymphocytes
in small intestine
how is water secreted
ions are transported from ECF into lumen
created osmotic gradient for water to follow
what secretes digestive enzymes
- exocrine glands (salivary and pancreas)
- epithelial cells in stomach and small int
how does secretion work in epithelial cells
proteins synthesized on rough ER and packaged in secretory vesicles until needed
what are mucus secretions
viscous glycoprotein (mucins) secretions that protect GI cells and lubricate the contents
what type of cell secretes mucus in stomach and salivary glands
mucus cells
what type of cell secretes mucus in intestines
goblet cells
what do most fluid secretions facilitate
digestion, soften and moisten
in stomach what kind of enzymes are there
enzymes preferring acidic conditions
in small intestine what kind of enzymes are there
enzymes preferring alkaline conditions
two purposes of motility
- moves food from mouth to anus
- mechanically mixing food breaks it into uniformly small particles
what part of digestive tract is skeletal muscle
mouth, pharynx, 1st part of esophagus
what is type of muscle is the digestive tract from 2nd part of esophagus on
smooth muscle
what is GI motility determined by
properties of smooth muscle and modified chemical/mechanical input from nerves, hormones, and paracrine signals
What type of smooth muscle cells are in digestive tract
single unit smooth muscle cells
what are single unit smooth muscle cells
gap junction slink them electrically and mechanically meaning uniform contraction
tonic smooth muscle that is usually contracted
sphincters
relaxes to allow material to pass