GI 6 Flashcards
Where is most water absorbed
Small intestine
How is water absorbed in colon.
Na, Cl go into interstitial space and contribute to osmotic gradient which pulls water
What ions contribute to water absorption in small int
Na, Cl, AA’s, glucose, lipids
What is intestinal phase regulated by in small int
Distension, acidity, digestive products through short and long reflexes and endocrine signalling
What does regulation of intestinal phase in small int cause
Reduces motility and secretions in sotmach, increases in int
Increases secretions and motility in presence of chyme
What can cause variations in what is excreted in GI
2 different meals
What do long neural reflexes from duodenum cause
Increase sympathetic effferents and decrease parasympathetic to stomach causing decrease gastric emptying
Short reflexes from duodenum cause
Decrease gastric emptying in stomach
Distension, acidity and digestive products in duodenum also cuase
Increase secretions of enterogastrones (hormone)
Intestinal motility influenced primarily by
ENS neurons (myenteric plexus)
During fed state in sm int what type of contractions occur
Mostly segmental
Peristaltic
What are contractions stimulated by
Increased parasympathetic input (long reflexes)
During fasting state in sm int what type of contraction occurs
Migrating motor complex
What is migrating motor complex in sm int drive by
Alterations in parasympathetic input coupled with motilin from MO cells
Possibly by alkaline pH
Accessory secretions are caused by
Long reflexes
What secretes hormones
Enteroendocrine cells in crypts
Cells that secrete GI peptides (hormones) in sm int
S cells, I cells, K cells, L cells
S cell
Secretin
I cells
Cholecystokinin
K cells
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
L cellls
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
What to villi do
Absorb substances and produce mucus
When do pancreatic secretions begin
Cephalic and gastric phases
What start secretions from pancreas
Sight, thought, smell of food will stimulate pancreas