Replication

Question 1

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 1

DNA double helix

Question 2

helicase

Answer 2

breaks the two stands apart (creates replication fork)

Question 3

ligase

Answer 3

glues the okazaki fragments together

Question 4

replication fork

Answer 4

where it opens up

Question 5

replication bubble

Answer 5

the whole bubble where transcription occurs

Question 6

When DNA replication errors occur

Answer 6

1) Nuclease: cut out wrong portion
2) DNA Polymerase: replace with correct nucleotide
3) DNA ligase: stitch it all together

Question 7

Telomeres

Answer 7

“Extra” DNA on the ends of chromosomes –> throwaway DNA to keep you from losing valuable info

Question 8

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Answer 8

base pairing of one strand of a nucleic acid to a complementary sequence ion another stand

Question 9

what is DNA made of

Answer 9

deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases

Question 10

semi-conservenant modle

Answer 10

new molecule is one parent strand, one compliment strand (correct model!)

Question 11

conservennat modle

Answer 11

parent strands rejoin after copying (not true!)

Question 12

dispersive modle

Answer 12

each new strand contains a section of both a parent and a copy

Question 13

DNA polymerase 3

Answer 13

adds new nucleotides

Question 14

primase

Answer 14

generates primers, starting place for DNA polymerase to begin making mRNA

Question 15

topoisomerase

Answer 15

prevents the DNA double helix getting too tightly wound

Question 16

what direction are new strands ALWAYS made in?

Answer 16

5 prime to 3 prime (new nucleotides can only be added to the 3 prime end)

Question 17

Leading strand

Answer 17

synthesized continuously, towards replication fork, only one primer

Question 18

Lagging strand

Answer 18

synthesized in a series of fragments called okazaki fragments, made away from replication fork

Question 19

Plasmid

Answer 19

circular DNA found in bacteria

Question 20

Restriction enzymes

Answer 20

cut DNA at specific sequences called restriction sites

Question 21

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 21

visualize restriction fragments based on size

Question 22

Amplifying a DNA sequence

Answer 22

• DNA with target sequence
• heat resistance DNA polymerase
• Extra nucleotides
• Primers - start at the right spot

Question 23

the reason for using Taq for PCR

Answer 23

it is heat stable and can withstand heating step of PCR

Question 24

CRISPR

Answer 24

1) need a gene to look for and a protein that will search and cut it
2) get into the cell and attach to DNA sequence of interest and cut it
3) gene can be disabled by cutting out functional parts or a new gene provided to insert into curt