Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 1

catabolic process where oxygen is the final electron receptor (taking energy from food, transferring to ATP in the presence of O2)

Question 2

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 2

same as aerobic respiration, only without oxygen = fermentation (makes ATP only no oxygen)

Question 3

To build ATP…

Answer 3

move electrons from fuel to intermediates to redox reactions (reactions where oxidation and reduction takes place)

Question 4

How do we harvest energy from fuels?

Answer 4

Digest larger molecules into smaller ones ( break bonds and move electrons from one molecule to another )

Question 5

OIL

Answer 5

Oxidation is Loss (loses electrons - becomes positive charged)

Question 6

RIG

Answer 6

Reduction is Gain (gains electrons - becomes negatively charged)

Question 7

Oxidation

Answer 7

a substance loses electrons or is oxidized

Question 8

Reduction

Answer 8

a substance gains electrons or is reduced the amount of positive charge is reduced)

Question 9

Reducing agent

Answer 9

electron donor

Question 10

Oxidizing agent

Answer 10

electron receptor

Question 11

why is oxygen good at oxidizing

Answer 11

oxygen is electronegative (electron hog)

Question 12

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 12

series of molecules in inner mitochondrial membrane. Shuttle electrons, capture them with oxygen after “falling downhill”

allows for the controlled transfer of electrons to regulate how energy is used.

powers pumping H+ against its concentration gradient pumps more H+ into intermembrane space

Question 13

NAD+ and NADH

Answer 13

NAD+ oxidized form, gets electrons becomes reduced to NADH

Question 14

Cellular respiration

Answer 14

energy out of your food onto ATP

Question 15

Harvesting Energy from Glucose (3 steps)

Answer 15

1) break down glucose into two molecules or pyruvate
2) Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
3) Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 16

ATP production via direct enzymatic phosphorylation
( only accounts for a small amount)

Question 17

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 17

Couple the electron transport chain with the “downhill” H + movement to produce ATP
( accounts for 90% of ATP production)

Question 18

Aerobic respiration (O2 present)

Answer 18

Cellular Respiration:
- complete oxidation
- waste products: H2O and CO2
- net energy trapped per glucose ( 32 ATP)

Question 19

Anaerobic respiration ( O2 absent)

Answer 19

fermentation:
- incomplete oxidation
- waste products: lactic acid (ethanol) and CO2
- Net energy trapped per glucose (2 ATP)

Question 20

The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Answer 20

If O2 is present –> citric acid cycle
Take pyruvate from glycolysis –> multi step process in mitochondria

Question 21

Steps between glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle (intermediate steps)

Answer 21

Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA
releases CO2
Reduced 1 NAD+ to NADH + H+

Question 22

role of NADH

Answer 22

transfers electrons from glucose to further the process of making ATP

Question 23

As an electron falls…

Answer 23

energy is released

Question 24

chemiosmosis

Answer 24

proton motive force powers ATP synthesis

Question 25

Electron transport chain + chemiosmosis

Answer 25

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 26

Steps of cellular respiration summed up

Answer 26

break down glucose
shift electrons from glucose
feed it into the citric acid cycle, get all electrons off
use the electrons to power ATPsynthase machine

Question 27

2 types of fermentation

Answer 27

lactic acid and alcohol