Bio The Cell

Question 1

Microtubules

Answer 1

Hollow
made of “tubilin”
important in movement + support
–> can be tracks for motor proteins
some originate from centrosome

Question 2

Intermediate filaments

Answer 2

twisted fibrous proteins (can be several types) anchor structure
made of actin
- muscle contraction
- cytoplasmic streaming
- cell shape

Question 3

chromosome cell division…

Answer 3

microtubules

Question 4

4 types of cell junctions

Answer 4

tight junction
desmosome
gap junction

Question 5

tight junction

Answer 5

no leakages

Question 6

desmosome

Answer 6

rivets or molecular velcro (high mechanical stress)

Question 7

gap junction

Answer 7

channel (rapid signaling)

Question 8

plasmodesmata

Answer 8

cell wall channels –> cytosol, ions, water pass through

Question 9

similarities of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

cytoplasm and plasma membrane

Question 10

differences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

Answer 10

eukaryotic:
larger
contains DNA in nucleus
contains organelle

Prokaryotic:
smaller
DNA is loose
no organelles

Question 12

Endomembrane system

Answer 12

continuous with nuclear envelope

includes:
nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
vesicles (pinch off of plasm membrane, carry things)

Question 13

Nuclues

Answer 13

contains nucleolus inside, house DNA and cope DNA

Question 13

Smooth ER

Answer 13

lipid synthesis, detox, calcium storage

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

made of RNA and proteins, facilitate mRNA –> protein

Question 15

Rough ER

Answer 15

factory for protein creation (lots of ribosomes) manufactures more membrane

Question 16

Cisternea

Answer 16

flattened membrane vesicle found in endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

shipping and receiving –> modifies proteins and manufactores polysaccharides
cis - recieving
trans - leaving

Question 18

lysosome

Answer 18

digestive enzyme sack

Question 19

Central vacuole

Answer 19

plant, stores water, helps maintain turgid cell

Question 20

mitochondria

Answer 20

animal cell, use oxygen _ fuel from food = ATP

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

plants, harness sunlight –> synthesize carbohydrates

Question 22

Endosymbiont theory

Answer 22

prokaryotic cell, engulfed mitochondria and stayed and lived inside the cell
plants –> also ingested chloroplast
evidence –> double membrane, own DNA

Question 23

mitochondria structure

Answer 23

outer membrane, inner membrane space, cristea (folds), inner membrane, matrix (inside inner membrane, free ribosomes, DNA