Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

all the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

Build up

Question 3

Catabolic

Answer 3

Break down

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

capacity to cause change

Question 5

Kinetic energy

Answer 5

energy associated with motion

Question 6

Thermal energy

Answer 6

kinetic energy associated with random movements of atoms or molecules

Question 7

Heat

Answer 7

thermal energy in transfer from one object to another

Question 8

Potential energy

Answer 8

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Question 9

Chemical energy

Answer 9

potential energy available in chemical reactions

Question 10

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 10

energy cannot be created or destroyed (conservation of energy)

Question 11

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

As energy gets transferred around, things go form ordered to disordered, nothing is 100% efficient (disorder always increases)

Question 12

Entropy

Answer 12

disorder, randomness

Question 13

organism create…
in this process…

Answer 13

organism create ordered products but the universe continuous to become more disordered. In the process of making ordered products, disordered by-products are released.

Question 14

gibbs free energy

Answer 14

energy to do work, energy in a system available to work
change in G = G final - G initial

Question 15

change in G is positive…

Answer 15

final change in energy state has more energy, energy put in during the process

Question 16

change in G is negative

Answer 16

energy is lost to the environment could do work elsewhere, disorder higher in final state

Question 17

spontaneous

Answer 17

energetically favorable, not necessarily fast. can occur (slowly) as long as change in G is negative

Question 18

maximum stability =

Answer 18

equilibrium (a system at equilibrium does no work) a process can only proceed spontaneously if it is moving towards equilibrium

Question 19

Exergonic reaction

Answer 19

energy released (exit), spontaneously (change in G is NEGATIVE)

Question 20

Endergonic reaction

Answer 20

energy required, non spontaneous (change in G is POSITIVE)

Question 21

3 kinds of work

Answer 21

chemical: build up molecules
transport: active transport
mechanical: microtubule movement or muscle contraction

Question 22

Energy coupling

Answer 22

using an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

Question 23

Phosphorylation

Answer 23

transferring a phosphate group

Question 24

Enzymes

Answer 24

• speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
• do not participate in the reaction itself
• are not modified by the reaction

Question 25

activation energy

Answer 25

energy required to get the reaction to proceed, enzymes LOWER the activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed faster

Question 26

Active Site can lower activation energy by…

Answer 26

• orienting substrates correctly
• straining substrate bonds
• providing a favorable microenvironment
• covalently bonding to the substrate

Question 27

Effects on enzymes

Answer 27

• temperature
• pH
• cofactors (inorganic)
• coenzymes (organic)

Question 28

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 28

active site filled by a mimic normal substance cant gain access –> compete with normal substance

Question 29

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 29

bind to a different part of the enzyme, cause enough of a change that active site isn’t accessible to normal substrate

Question 30

Allosteric regulation

Answer 30

protein function/stability by binding of a regulatory molecule on a separate site. “inhibitor” molecule binds on inactive from, stabilizes it

Question 31

Allosteric Activation

Answer 31

“activator” or regulatory molecule binds on active from and stabilizes it, now open for business basically

Question 32

Cooperativity

Answer 32

when actual substrate binding influences further binding in other active sites

Question 33

Feedback inhibition

Answer 33

product turns off process, tells system you have made enough, you can stop now