Chem Exam 1 Memorization Flashcards
Electron configuration for Cr
[Ar} 4s1 3d5
Electron configuration for Cu
[Ar] 4s1 3d10
Electron configuration for Mo
[Kr] 5s1 4d5
Electron configuration for Au
[Xe] 6s¹4f¹⁴5d¹⁰
Electron configuration for Ag
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹
Electronegativity: define and periodic trend
how well an element can attract electrons
increase as you move left to right and up the periodic table (F is most electronegative atom)
–> noble gases are NOT electronegative
Ionization Energy (IE): define and periodic trend
Energy required to remove an electron
increases as you move left to right and up the periodic table
–> if equal distance from F, you cannot tell
Electron Affinity: define and periodic trend
amount of energy released when electron attaches to neural atom or molecule
increases as you move left to right and up the periodic table
Atomic Radius: define and periodic trend
one half the distance between the nuclei
increases right to left and as you go DOWN the periodic table (Fr highest atomic radius)
non mental character increases as you…
go left to right and up the periodic table
Metallic character increases as you…
go right to left and down the periodic table
isoelectronic
same number of electrons=same electron configuration
Pauli Exclusion principle
no two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers
Aufbau Principle
order in which an atom will fill up its orbitals
Principle #
(n) tells you the orbital
Angular momentum
(l) tells you shape of orbital
m sub l
tells you how many orbitals of each type
m sub s
tells you the spin # (either +1/2 or -1/2)
Hunds rule
when filling electrons within a subshell, each orbital should be singly occupied with one electron before any orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals should have the same spin
Ionic Radius
the distance between the nucleus of an ion and the outermost shell of the ion
–> increases as you move down the periodic table
Heisenberg uncertainty Model
there is inherent uncertainty in the act of measuring a variable of a particle. Commonly applied to the position and momentum of a particle, the principle states that the more precisely the position is known the more uncertain the momentum is and vice versa
Ideal Gas
PV = nRT
HON
region of electron density
Linear
Formal charge
of valence e - # # of lone pairs - # of bonds
PO4
phosphate which means ate= ic
Ionic compound’s without transition metal
metal + non-mental (make sure to balance charges)
Ionic compounds with transition metals
Name of transition metal + roman numeral + metal ending in -ide
formal charge
of valence electrons - number of bonds - # of lone pairs
Ionic Compound with Polyatomic atom
Name of metal + polyatomic ion
Ionic compound transition metal + polyatomic
Covalent compound
prefix + name of nonmetal + prefix + nonmetal ending in -ide
Acid with oxygen
no prefix, ()ous Acid
Acid without oxygen
Hydro (root name)ic Acid
J. J. Thompson
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment (discovery of electron) and plum pudding model
1 meter
1 x 10^9 nm
1 cm
1,000 mm
1 meter
100 cm
1 kilometer
1,000 meter
Hybridization
when HON =
2 –> sp
3 –> sp2
4 –> sp3
HON number is number of bonds around atom (double bonds count as one)
sigma bonds
of bonds around atom (double bonds count as 1) - 1
pi bonds
2n + n (2n = triple bonds, n = double bonds)
when l = 0
s orbital
spherical shape
only one possible drawing
when l =1
p orbital
2 lobes
3 possible drawings
when l = 2
d orbital
4 leaf clover
5 possible drawings
when l = 3
f orbital
tetrahedral (6 lobes)
7 possible orientations
