Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Heterotroph

A

consumers (ex. humans)

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1
Q

Autograph

A

self feeder = producers (ex. plants)

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2
Q

Mesophyll

A

leaf tissue where chloroplasts are found

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3
Q

Stomata

A

openings where CO2 enters

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4
Q

Chloroplasts

A

double membvrane organelle where photosynthetic material resides

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5
Q

Stroma

A

fluid on the interior of chloroplasts; suspends the granum

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6
Q

Granum

A

stacks of thylakoids

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7
Q

Thylakoids

A

individual sac within granum; contains chlorophyll; contains chlorophyll

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8
Q

What color you see on leaves is…

A

what is NOT absorbed

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9
Q

Chlorophyll

A

pigment that looks green to us, because it is reflecting the green wavelengths back at our eyes, and absorbing others

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10
Q

Carotenoid

A

Accessory pigments. orangeish-yellow pigment. helping by absorbing excess light energy (same pigment that makes carrot orange)

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11
Q

What does the photon do?

A

light energy boosts electron to ‘excited’ state

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12
Q

Light harvesting complex

A

pigment absorbing light (transfers electrons around after absorbing light energy)

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13
Q

Reaction center complex

A

center area where electron is transferred

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14
Q

Photosystem II

A

COMES FIRST (labeled as z)
- splits water (where the electrons come from)
- absorbs light best at 680nm

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15
Q

Photosystem I

A

accepts electron falling down from photosystem II and excited by another photon
- absorbs light best at 700 nm
- electron reduces NADPH

16
Q

How does the electron transport chain come into play?

A

connects photosystem II and I

17
Q

Light reactions use… to generate…

A

use: water and light
generate: ATP, reduced electron carriers, O2 is waste (from split water)

18
Q

step 1

A

sunlight excites chlorophyll

water split
O2 = waste

H e- used for photosynthesis
H+ protons stay in thylakoid

e- crom photosystem II transfered to ETC

19
Q

step 2

A

e- falling down energy gradient powers movement of H+ INTO the thylakoid

20
Q

step 3

A

high H+ is used to power ATP synthesis

21
Q

step 4

A

e- does not get caught by O2 - goes to photosystem I instead

22
Q

step 5

A

short ETC - which ends in the reduction of e- carrier NADP + H+ = NADPH

23
Q

GP3

A

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

3 carbon sugar made by the Calvin Cycle; incorporated into glucose or sucrose

24
Q

RuBP

A

ribulose biphosphate

25
Q

Rubisco

A
26
Q

NADPH

A
27
Q

ATP

A
28
Q

phase 1 of Calvin Cycle: Reduction

A

carbon dioxide enters and combines with rubisco biphosphate (RuBP)

29
Q

phase 2 of Calvin Cycle: Regeneration

A

ATP prepares RuBP to accept CO2 again

30
Q

Photorespiration

A

enzyme rubisco accidentally uses oxygen instead of CO2 (likely due to stomata’s being closed during hot weather)

its a waste O2 + RuBP and rubisco does NOT lead to GP3 production, it breaks down into 2 carbon molecules

31
Q

C3 plants

A

most plants, have to close their stomata to conserve water but since no CO2 is being let in, ATP cannot be produced

32
Q

C4 plants

A

spatially separates the Calvin Cycle and uses a shuttle molecule

33
Q

CAM plants

A
  • open stomata at night
  • stores CO2 as the 4 carbon organic acid
  • wait until sunlight is available to convert to GP3

Are able to make 4 carbon molecules during the night, with their stomata open and then converted in to GP3 at day, with their stomata closed