genetics Flashcards
Blending Hypothesis
we are all a blend of out parents (not true!)
traits come in discrete packets called
genes
Particulate hypothesis
traits are passed on in discrete heritable units = genes
Character
heritable feature that varies among individuals (flower color)
Trait
the version of that character; purple v white, wrinkled v smooth
what proved the blending process wrong?
the appearance of recessive traits that shows those alleles are still present
allele
each version that codes for a trait
Law of segragation
2 alleles segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Test-cross
breed organism of interest within homozygous recessive individual
Law of independent assortment
each homolog has an equally likely chance of ending up in a gamete, INDEPENDENT of the other chromosomes
Multiplication rule
what are the chances of 2 events occurring? multiply their probabilities together
Addition Rule
to predict if the F2 offspring is heterozygous or homozygous? if only one event “OR” another ADD their probabilities together
Complete Dominance
occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygous are identical
Incomplete Dominance
the phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
Codominance
the two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
